{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/81134"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/81134","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Chloride Penetration Resistance and link to Service Life Design of Virginia Bridge Decks","abstract":"Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks are exposed to chlorides from deicing salts. Chloride ingress in RC initiates corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The high costs of corrosion have sparked interest in service life design of bridge decks. This thesis characterized the exposure conditions of Virginia, including temperature and surface chloride concentration, as well as Virginia concrete mix properties, including initial chloride concentration and chloride migration coefficient. The service life estimations for a case study bridge in Virginia from three service life models were compared. The first model is based on the fib Bulletin 34 Model Code for Service Life Design, the second is a finite element solution of the fib Bulletin, and the third accounts for a time-, temperature-, moisture-, and concentration-dependent apparent diffusion coefficient. A sensitivity analysis was completed on the three models showing that the most important variables in these models are the aging coefficient and surface chloride concentration. Corresponding life cycle cost analyses were completed for plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steel. This thesis showed that the error function solution underestimates chloride ingress. The life cycle cost analysis of plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steels show that overestimation of service life leads to underestimation of life cycle costs.","abstract_html":"Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks are exposed to chlorides from deicing salts. Chloride ingress in RC initiates corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The high costs of corrosion have sparked interest in service life design of bridge decks. This thesis characterized the exposure conditions of Virginia, including temperature and surface chloride concentration, as well as Virginia concrete mix properties, including initial chloride concentration and chloride migration coefficient. The service life estimations for a case study bridge in Virginia from three service life models were compared. The first model is based on the fib Bulletin 34 Model Code for Service Life Design, the second is a finite element solution of the fib Bulletin, and the third accounts for a time-, temperature-, moisture-, and concentration-dependent apparent diffusion coefficient. A sensitivity analysis was completed on the three models showing that the most important variables in these models are the aging coefficient and surface chloride concentration. Corresponding life cycle cost analyses were completed for plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steel. This thesis showed that the error function solution underestimates chloride ingress. The life cycle cost analysis of plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steels show that overestimation of service life leads to underestimation of life cycle costs.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bales, Elizabeth Rose"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Flint, Madeleine Marie"],"committee_members":["Roberts-Wollmann, Carin L.","McGinnis, Sean"],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-06-19","date_published":"2016-06-19","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:01Z","subjects":["bridge deck","chloride diffusion","corrosion","service life","life cycle cost"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7907"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:7907","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81134","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Flint, Madeleine Marie"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Roberts-Wollmann, Carin L.","McGinnis, Sean"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bales, Elizabeth Rose"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-12-12T07:00:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-12-12T07:00:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016-06-19"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["bridge deck","chloride diffusion","corrosion","service life","life cycle cost"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7907"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81134"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks are exposed to chlorides from deicing salts. Chloride ingress in RC initiates corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The high costs of corrosion have sparked interest in service life design of bridge decks. This thesis characterized the exposure conditions of Virginia, including temperature and surface chloride concentration, as well as Virginia concrete mix properties, including initial chloride concentration and chloride migration coefficient. The service life estimations for a case study bridge in Virginia from three service life models were compared. The first model is based on the fib Bulletin 34 Model Code for Service Life Design, the second is a finite element solution of the fib Bulletin, and the third accounts for a time-, temperature-, moisture-, and concentration-dependent apparent diffusion coefficient. A sensitivity analysis was completed on the three models showing that the most important variables in these models are the aging coefficient and surface chloride concentration. Corresponding life cycle cost analyses were completed for plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steel. This thesis showed that the error function solution underestimates chloride ingress. The life cycle cost analysis of plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steels show that overestimation of service life leads to underestimation of life cycle costs."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Chloride Penetration Resistance and link to Service Life Design of Virginia Bridge Decks"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Flint, Madeleine Marie"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Roberts-Wollmann, Carin L.","McGinnis, Sean"],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Bales, Elizabeth Rose"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-12-12T07:00:37Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-12-12T07:00:37Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2016-06-19"],"dc:description.abstract":["Reinforced concrete (RC) bridge decks are exposed to chlorides from deicing salts. Chloride ingress in RC initiates corrosion of the reinforcing steel. The high costs of corrosion have sparked interest in service life design of bridge decks. This thesis characterized the exposure conditions of Virginia, including temperature and surface chloride concentration, as well as Virginia concrete mix properties, including initial chloride concentration and chloride migration coefficient. The service life estimations for a case study bridge in Virginia from three service life models were compared. The first model is based on the fib Bulletin 34 Model Code for Service Life Design, the second is a finite element solution of the fib Bulletin, and the third accounts for a time-, temperature-, moisture-, and concentration-dependent apparent diffusion coefficient. A sensitivity analysis was completed on the three models showing that the most important variables in these models are the aging coefficient and surface chloride concentration. Corresponding life cycle cost analyses were completed for plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steel. This thesis showed that the error function solution underestimates chloride ingress. The life cycle cost analysis of plain and corrosion resistant reinforcing steels show that overestimation of service life leads to underestimation of life cycle costs."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:7907"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81134"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["bridge deck","chloride diffusion","corrosion","service life","life cycle cost"],"dc:title":["Chloride Penetration Resistance and link to Service Life Design of Virginia Bridge Decks"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:01Z"}