{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/80163"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/80163","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Alkali attack on coal gasifier refractory lining","abstract":"For a given coal gasification atmosphere, the reactions between fired alumina-chromia solid solution refractories and alkali (sodium and potassium) with and without sulfur at varying alkali concentrations were thermodynamically calculated using the SOLGASMIX-PV computer program and the results were experimentally confirmed. In addition, the kinetics of alkali diffusion into the refractory were experimentally determined as a function of time and temperature. The results, both experimental and theoretical, show formation of alkali-aluminate (Na₂O⋅Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅Al₂O₃) and β-alumina (Na₂O⋅11Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅11A₂O₃) compounds with formation of several metastable alkali compounds in a coal gasification environment. Sulfur did not appear to affect the reaction products. Alkali distribution into the alumina-chrome refractory is rapid and the formation of the Na₂O⋅Al₂O/K₂O⋅Al₂O₃ compounds cause large volume expansion from the reaction surface which causes poor thermal shock resistance and eventual refractory failure. The hot face of an alumina-chrome refractory in service in an alkali environment will be prone to failure by alkali attack.","abstract_html":"For a given coal gasification atmosphere, the reactions between fired alumina-chromia solid solution refractories and alkali (sodium and potassium) with and without sulfur at varying alkali concentrations were thermodynamically calculated using the SOLGASMIX-PV computer program and the results were experimentally confirmed. In addition, the kinetics of alkali diffusion into the refractory were experimentally determined as a function of time and temperature. The results, both experimental and theoretical, show formation of alkali-aluminate (Na₂O⋅Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅Al₂O₃) and β-alumina (Na₂O⋅11Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅11A₂O₃) compounds with formation of several metastable alkali compounds in a coal gasification environment. Sulfur did not appear to affect the reaction products. Alkali distribution into the alumina-chrome refractory is rapid and the formation of the Na₂O⋅Al₂O/K₂O⋅Al₂O₃ compounds cause large volume expansion from the reaction surface which causes poor thermal shock resistance and eventual refractory failure. The hot face of an alumina-chrome refractory in service in an alkali environment will be prone to failure by alkali attack.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lee, Kyoung-Ho"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Materials Engineering","degree_department":"Materials Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1988,"date_issued":"1988","date_published":"1988","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:16Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80163","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Materials Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lee, Kyoung-Ho"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-11-09T21:09:24Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-11-09T21:09:24Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1988"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80163"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["For a given coal gasification atmosphere, the reactions between fired alumina-chromia solid solution refractories and alkali (sodium and potassium) with and without sulfur at varying alkali concentrations were thermodynamically calculated using the SOLGASMIX-PV computer program and the results were experimentally confirmed. In addition, the kinetics of alkali diffusion into the refractory were experimentally determined as a function of time and temperature. The results, both experimental and theoretical, show formation of alkali-aluminate (Na₂O⋅Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅Al₂O₃) and β-alumina (Na₂O⋅11Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅11A₂O₃) compounds with formation of several metastable alkali compounds in a coal gasification environment. Sulfur did not appear to affect the reaction products. Alkali distribution into the alumina-chrome refractory is rapid and the formation of the Na₂O⋅Al₂O/K₂O⋅Al₂O₃ compounds cause large volume expansion from the reaction surface which causes poor thermal shock resistance and eventual refractory failure. The hot face of an alumina-chrome refractory in service in an alkali environment will be prone to failure by alkali attack."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Alkali attack on coal gasifier refractory lining"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Materials Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Lee, Kyoung-Ho"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-11-09T21:09:24Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-11-09T21:09:24Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1988"],"dc:description.abstract":["For a given coal gasification atmosphere, the reactions between fired alumina-chromia solid solution refractories and alkali (sodium and potassium) with and without sulfur at varying alkali concentrations were thermodynamically calculated using the SOLGASMIX-PV computer program and the results were experimentally confirmed. In addition, the kinetics of alkali diffusion into the refractory were experimentally determined as a function of time and temperature. The results, both experimental and theoretical, show formation of alkali-aluminate (Na₂O⋅Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅Al₂O₃) and β-alumina (Na₂O⋅11Al₂O₃, K₂O⋅11A₂O₃) compounds with formation of several metastable alkali compounds in a coal gasification environment. Sulfur did not appear to affect the reaction products. Alkali distribution into the alumina-chrome refractory is rapid and the formation of the Na₂O⋅Al₂O/K₂O⋅Al₂O₃ compounds cause large volume expansion from the reaction surface which causes poor thermal shock resistance and eventual refractory failure. The hot face of an alumina-chrome refractory in service in an alkali environment will be prone to failure by alkali attack."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/80163"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Alkali attack on coal gasifier refractory lining"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:16Z"}