{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76990"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76990","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"CO₂ Mineralization Using Reactive Species","abstract":"To address the environmental changes associated with increasing levels of atmospheric CO?, a possibility of mineralizing CO? with the species such as Ca°? and M°? ions that are already present in sea water was studied. A series of experiments conducted at temperatures in the range of 20 to 40°C showed that the activation energy for the formation of nesquehonite (MgCO?°3H?O) is 64.6 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy barrier can be readily overcome by simple agitation and heating at slightly elevated temperatures, e.g., 40°C. The kinetics of mineralization and the %M°? ion utilization varies depending on energy dissipation rate, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The maximum M°? ion utilization achieved was 86%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to construct the species distribution diagrams, predict the pH of CO? mineralization, and to predict %Mg ion utilization (or extraction) from sea water. To address the issues concerning the acidification of sea water during CO? mineralization, spent solutions were treated with basic minerals such as limestone and olivine. It was found that in the presence of these minerals the pH rises to the pH of minimum solubility of the buffering mineral. The pH of minimum solubility of limestone is 8.3 and that of olivine is 8.6. Other means of pH neutralization were also discussed.","abstract_html":"To address the environmental changes associated with increasing levels of atmospheric CO?, a possibility of mineralizing CO? with the species such as Ca°? and M°? ions that are already present in sea water was studied. A series of experiments conducted at temperatures in the range of 20 to 40°C showed that the activation energy for the formation of nesquehonite (MgCO?°3H?O) is 64.6 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy barrier can be readily overcome by simple agitation and heating at slightly elevated temperatures, e.g., 40°C. The kinetics of mineralization and the %M°? ion utilization varies depending on energy dissipation rate, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The maximum M°? ion utilization achieved was 86%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to construct the species distribution diagrams, predict the pH of CO? mineralization, and to predict %Mg ion utilization (or extraction) from sea water. To address the issues concerning the acidification of sea water during CO? mineralization, spent solutions were treated with basic minerals such as limestone and olivine. It was found that in the presence of these minerals the pH rises to the pH of minimum solubility of the buffering mineral. The pH of minimum solubility of limestone is 8.3 and that of olivine is 8.6. Other means of pH neutralization were also discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ma, Juan"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Mining and Minerals Engineering","degree_department":"Mining and Minerals Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Yoon, Roe-Hoan"],"committee_members":["Luttrell, Gerald H.","Adel, Gregory T."],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-04-24","date_published":"2012-04-24","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:58Z","subjects":["CO₂ sequestration by mineralization","Magnesium/Calcium ion","pH controlling"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05072012-224907"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-05072012-224907","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76990","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Yoon, Roe-Hoan"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Luttrell, Gerald H.","Adel, Gregory T."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Mining and Minerals Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ma, Juan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-04-04T19:50:48Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-04-04T19:50:48Z","2016-10-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2012-04-24"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mining and Minerals Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["CO₂ sequestration by mineralization","Magnesium/Calcium ion","pH controlling"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05072012-224907"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76990"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["To address the environmental changes associated with increasing levels of atmospheric CO?, a possibility of mineralizing CO? with the species such as Ca°? and M°? ions that are already present in sea water was studied. A series of experiments conducted at temperatures in the range of 20 to 40°C showed that the activation energy for the formation of nesquehonite (MgCO?°3H?O) is 64.6 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy barrier can be readily overcome by simple agitation and heating at slightly elevated temperatures, e.g., 40°C. The kinetics of mineralization and the %M°? ion utilization varies depending on energy dissipation rate, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The maximum M°? ion utilization achieved was 86%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to construct the species distribution diagrams, predict the pH of CO? mineralization, and to predict %Mg ion utilization (or extraction) from sea water. To address the issues concerning the acidification of sea water during CO? mineralization, spent solutions were treated with basic minerals such as limestone and olivine. It was found that in the presence of these minerals the pH rises to the pH of minimum solubility of the buffering mineral. The pH of minimum solubility of limestone is 8.3 and that of olivine is 8.6. Other means of pH neutralization were also discussed."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["CO₂ Mineralization Using Reactive Species"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Yoon, Roe-Hoan"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Luttrell, Gerald H.","Adel, Gregory T."],"dc:contributor.department":["Mining and Minerals Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Ma, Juan"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-04-04T19:50:48Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-04-04T19:50:48Z","2016-10-07"],"dc:date.issued":["2012-04-24"],"dc:description.abstract":["To address the environmental changes associated with increasing levels of atmospheric CO?, a possibility of mineralizing CO? with the species such as Ca°? and M°? ions that are already present in sea water was studied. A series of experiments conducted at temperatures in the range of 20 to 40°C showed that the activation energy for the formation of nesquehonite (MgCO?°3H?O) is 64.6 kJ/mol. It was found that the activation energy barrier can be readily overcome by simple agitation and heating at slightly elevated temperatures, e.g., 40°C. The kinetics of mineralization and the %M°? ion utilization varies depending on energy dissipation rate, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. The maximum M°? ion utilization achieved was 86%. Thermodynamic calculations were carried out to construct the species distribution diagrams, predict the pH of CO? mineralization, and to predict %Mg ion utilization (or extraction) from sea water. To address the issues concerning the acidification of sea water during CO? mineralization, spent solutions were treated with basic minerals such as limestone and olivine. It was found that in the presence of these minerals the pH rises to the pH of minimum solubility of the buffering mineral. The pH of minimum solubility of limestone is 8.3 and that of olivine is 8.6. Other means of pH neutralization were also discussed."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-05072012-224907"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76990"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["CO₂ sequestration by mineralization","Magnesium/Calcium ion","pH controlling"],"dc:title":["CO₂ Mineralization Using Reactive Species"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mining and Minerals Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:58Z"}