{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76945"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76945","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The Influence of Behavioral Inhibition and Approach on Affective Modification of the Startle Response","abstract":"Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual differences related to startle modification and explore the relationship of the trait-like physiological variables and startle modification. The study creatively calculated standardized startle scores and treated personality variables as continuous variable. The results showed that specific contents of the affective pictures had different effects of startle modification. Personality variables influence the startle modification in emotion conditions differently. Cardiac activities were related to raw startle magnitude but not to startle modification. The results have suggested that there are the influences of individual differences in attention and effortful control on startle modification and attention and that emotion and attention interact with each other in startle modification. The study filled gaps in the research on startle modification and personality and guided future studies of this topic.","abstract_html":"Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual differences related to startle modification and explore the relationship of the trait-like physiological variables and startle modification. The study creatively calculated standardized startle scores and treated personality variables as continuous variable. The results showed that specific contents of the affective pictures had different effects of startle modification. Personality variables influence the startle modification in emotion conditions differently. Cardiac activities were related to raw startle magnitude but not to startle modification. The results have suggested that there are the influences of individual differences in attention and effortful control on startle modification and attention and that emotion and attention interact with each other in startle modification. The study filled gaps in the research on startle modification and personality and guided future studies of this topic.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Xiao, Yang"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":"Psychology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Friedman, Bruce H."],"committee_members":["Harrison, David W.","Deater-Deckard, Kirby"],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-12-19","date_published":"2013-12-19","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:40Z","subjects":["Motivation","Attention","Startle Modification","BIS/BAS"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-12262013-120425"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-12262013-120425","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76945","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Friedman, Bruce H."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Harrison, David W.","Deater-Deckard, Kirby"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Xiao, Yang"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-04-04T19:50:28Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-04-04T19:50:28Z","2016-10-18"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2013-12-19"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Motivation","Attention","Startle Modification","BIS/BAS"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-12262013-120425"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76945"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. There is a debate on whether emotional or attentional processes are the mechanism of startle modification. The present study sought to address this question by investigating the individual differences related to startle modification and explore the relationship of the trait-like physiological variables and startle modification. The study creatively calculated standardized startle scores and treated personality variables as continuous variable. The results showed that specific contents of the affective pictures had different effects of startle modification. Personality variables influence the startle modification in emotion conditions differently. Cardiac activities were related to raw startle magnitude but not to startle modification. The results have suggested that there are the influences of individual differences in attention and effortful control on startle modification and attention and that emotion and attention interact with each other in startle modification. The study filled gaps in the research on startle modification and personality and guided future studies of this topic."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Influence of Behavioral Inhibition and Approach on Affective Modification of the Startle Response"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Friedman, Bruce H."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Harrison, David W.","Deater-Deckard, Kirby"],"dc:contributor.department":["Psychology"],"dc:creator":["Xiao, Yang"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-04-04T19:50:28Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-04-04T19:50:28Z","2016-10-18"],"dc:date.issued":["2013-12-19"],"dc:description.abstract":["Startle modification is a robust phenomenon that has been used as a tool in the research of emotion and motivation. In a picture viewing paradigm, valence of affective pictures modulates startle magnitude. 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