{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76196"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/76196","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Regional cementation associated with unconformity-sourced aquifers and burial fluids, Mississippian Newman Limestone, Kentucky","abstract":"Aquifer-related cements may be differentiated from deeper burial cements by trace elements, cathodoluminescence, staining, and fluid inclusion analysis in the Mississippian Newman Limestone, eastern Kentucky. Aquifer cements are nonferroan, and show a nonluminescent to dull to nonluminescent to bright cathodoluminescent zonation. They fill leached ooids and fossils indicating waters initially were undersaturated. Early nonluminescent cement (35 ppm Mn, 35 ppm Fe) formed from oxidizing waters in a regional paleoaquifer that became reducing (dull cement; 180 ppm Mn, 565 ppm Fe) but underwent later recharge to form a second nonluminescent cement. Most cementation appears to have been associated with post-Newman unconformities reflecting a shift to a wetter climate in Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian time which generated regional aquifers. Aquifer cement abundance decreases away from recharge areas and is determined by staining for late burial calcite and then using image analysis to determine the amount of early unstained cement. Later, iron rich burial cements (780 ppm Mn, 4295 ppm Fe) fill remaining pore spaces, compaction-induced fractures, spalled cement rims and tectonic fractures (lined with saddle dolomite and pyrite). Irregular dull/very dull zone patterns relate to preferential concentration of iron along certain crystal faces rather than burial leaching. Secondary fluid inclusions chemically complex brines suggest late stage fluids were (7-17 wt% NaCl) having minimum temperatures of 51 to 156°C, that resided in the formation for such short times that conodont alteration values (consistent with estimated burial temperatures of 38-40°C) were not affected.","abstract_html":"Aquifer-related cements may be differentiated from deeper burial cements by trace elements, cathodoluminescence, staining, and fluid inclusion analysis in the Mississippian Newman Limestone, eastern Kentucky. Aquifer cements are nonferroan, and show a nonluminescent to dull to nonluminescent to bright cathodoluminescent zonation. They fill leached ooids and fossils indicating waters initially were undersaturated. Early nonluminescent cement (35 ppm Mn, 35 ppm Fe) formed from oxidizing waters in a regional paleoaquifer that became reducing (dull cement; 180 ppm Mn, 565 ppm Fe) but underwent later recharge to form a second nonluminescent cement. Most cementation appears to have been associated with post-Newman unconformities reflecting a shift to a wetter climate in Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian time which generated regional aquifers. Aquifer cement abundance decreases away from recharge areas and is determined by staining for late burial calcite and then using image analysis to determine the amount of early unstained cement. Later, iron rich burial cements (780 ppm Mn, 4295 ppm Fe) fill remaining pore spaces, compaction-induced fractures, spalled cement rims and tectonic fractures (lined with saddle dolomite and pyrite). Irregular dull/very dull zone patterns relate to preferential concentration of iron along certain crystal faces rather than burial leaching. Secondary fluid inclusions chemically complex brines suggest late stage fluids were (7-17 wt% NaCl) having minimum temperatures of 51 to 156°C, that resided in the formation for such short times that conodont alteration values (consistent with estimated burial temperatures of 38-40°C) were not affected.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Niemann, James Cottier"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Geological Sciences","degree_department":"Geological Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1984,"date_issued":"1984","date_published":"1984","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:08Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76196","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Geological Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Niemann, James Cottier"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2017-03-10T19:28:58Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-03-10T19:28:58Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1984"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geological Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76196"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Aquifer-related cements may be differentiated from deeper burial cements by trace elements, cathodoluminescence, staining, and fluid inclusion analysis in the Mississippian Newman Limestone, eastern Kentucky. Aquifer cements are nonferroan, and show a nonluminescent to dull to nonluminescent to bright cathodoluminescent zonation. They fill leached ooids and fossils indicating waters initially were undersaturated. Early nonluminescent cement (35 ppm Mn, 35 ppm Fe) formed from oxidizing waters in a regional paleoaquifer that became reducing (dull cement; 180 ppm Mn, 565 ppm Fe) but underwent later recharge to form a second nonluminescent cement. Most cementation appears to have been associated with post-Newman unconformities reflecting a shift to a wetter climate in Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian time which generated regional aquifers. Aquifer cement abundance decreases away from recharge areas and is determined by staining for late burial calcite and then using image analysis to determine the amount of early unstained cement. Later, iron rich burial cements (780 ppm Mn, 4295 ppm Fe) fill remaining pore spaces, compaction-induced fractures, spalled cement rims and tectonic fractures (lined with saddle dolomite and pyrite). Irregular dull/very dull zone patterns relate to preferential concentration of iron along certain crystal faces rather than burial leaching. Secondary fluid inclusions chemically complex brines suggest late stage fluids were (7-17 wt% NaCl) having minimum temperatures of 51 to 156°C, that resided in the formation for such short times that conodont alteration values (consistent with estimated burial temperatures of 38-40°C) were not affected."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Regional cementation associated with unconformity-sourced aquifers and burial fluids, Mississippian Newman Limestone, Kentucky"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Geological Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Niemann, James Cottier"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2017-03-10T19:28:58Z"],"dc:date.available":["2017-03-10T19:28:58Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1984"],"dc:description.abstract":["Aquifer-related cements may be differentiated from deeper burial cements by trace elements, cathodoluminescence, staining, and fluid inclusion analysis in the Mississippian Newman Limestone, eastern Kentucky. Aquifer cements are nonferroan, and show a nonluminescent to dull to nonluminescent to bright cathodoluminescent zonation. They fill leached ooids and fossils indicating waters initially were undersaturated. Early nonluminescent cement (35 ppm Mn, 35 ppm Fe) formed from oxidizing waters in a regional paleoaquifer that became reducing (dull cement; 180 ppm Mn, 565 ppm Fe) but underwent later recharge to form a second nonluminescent cement. Most cementation appears to have been associated with post-Newman unconformities reflecting a shift to a wetter climate in Late Mississippian-Pennsylvanian time which generated regional aquifers. Aquifer cement abundance decreases away from recharge areas and is determined by staining for late burial calcite and then using image analysis to determine the amount of early unstained cement. Later, iron rich burial cements (780 ppm Mn, 4295 ppm Fe) fill remaining pore spaces, compaction-induced fractures, spalled cement rims and tectonic fractures (lined with saddle dolomite and pyrite). Irregular dull/very dull zone patterns relate to preferential concentration of iron along certain crystal faces rather than burial leaching. Secondary fluid inclusions chemically complex brines suggest late stage fluids were (7-17 wt% NaCl) having minimum temperatures of 51 to 156°C, that resided in the formation for such short times that conodont alteration values (consistent with estimated burial temperatures of 38-40°C) were not affected."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76196"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Regional cementation associated with unconformity-sourced aquifers and burial fluids, Mississippian Newman Limestone, Kentucky"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geological Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:08Z"}