{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/73030"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/73030","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The effects of various concentrations of phytase on broiler growth performance, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash, and phosphorus utilization","abstract":"Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various phytase concentrations on broiler growth performance, carcass composition, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash and phosphorus utilization. The first experiment contained a positive control (PC) diet that was sufficient in all nutrients, a diet reduced in available phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy utilized as a negative control (NC) diet and the NC diet supplemented with two different phytase products at three inclusions (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) all fed to broilers over a 42-day period. The NC fed birds resulted in reduced growth performance by 42 days of age and phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg had increased growth performance compared to NC (P<0.01), resulting in a similar response to the PC fed birds (P>0.05) indicating phosphorus and other nutrient release from the NC diet with phytase supplementation. Birds fed a diet supplemented with phytase A at 2000 FTU/kg outperformed the PC fed birds in body weight gain, feed efficiency, cold carcass weight, breast weight, breast yield, breast + tender weight and yield (P<0.01), but 2000 FTU/kg of phytase B resulted in poor responses often not improved in comparison to the NC fed birds (P>0.05). The second experiment utilized a standard curve to evaluate the use of phytase at various concentrations over a 14 day feeding assay. There were no differences between the two phytase treatments (500 and 2000 FTU/kg) in body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed intake or tibia ash weight (P>0.05). Standard curve analysis of tibia ash weight resulted in an estimate of 0.15 phytate phosphorus release from both phytase treatments. At 14 days, birds fed a treatment supplemented with phytase at 2000 FTU/kg showed an increase in apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility in comparison to 500 FTU/kg fed birds. The data may suggest that birds are digesting more phosphorus at an inclusion of 2000 FTU/kg phytase than 500 FTU/kg phytase but are not able to effectively utilize or store the nutrient as tibia ash showed similar mineral deposition between the two treatments. The concentration of non-phytate (nPP) in the Experiment 2 was 0.20% nPP (0.30% nPP in Experiment 1), which might have precluded the growth performance effects noted in Experiment 1. These two experiments indicate that phytase can act as a viable method in supplementing phosphorus and has the potential to increase broiler growth performance but results may vary depending on the phosphorus deficiency status of the diets before phytase supplementation.","abstract_html":"Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various phytase concentrations on broiler growth performance, carcass composition, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash and phosphorus utilization. The first experiment contained a positive control (PC) diet that was sufficient in all nutrients, a diet reduced in available phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy utilized as a negative control (NC) diet and the NC diet supplemented with two different phytase products at three inclusions (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) all fed to broilers over a 42-day period. The NC fed birds resulted in reduced growth performance by 42 days of age and phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg had increased growth performance compared to NC (P&lt;0.01), resulting in a similar response to the PC fed birds (P&gt;0.05) indicating phosphorus and other nutrient release from the NC diet with phytase supplementation. Birds fed a diet supplemented with phytase A at 2000 FTU/kg outperformed the PC fed birds in body weight gain, feed efficiency, cold carcass weight, breast weight, breast yield, breast + tender weight and yield (P&lt;0.01), but 2000 FTU/kg of phytase B resulted in poor responses often not improved in comparison to the NC fed birds (P&gt;0.05). The second experiment utilized a standard curve to evaluate the use of phytase at various concentrations over a 14 day feeding assay. There were no differences between the two phytase treatments (500 and 2000 FTU/kg) in body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed intake or tibia ash weight (P&gt;0.05). Standard curve analysis of tibia ash weight resulted in an estimate of 0.15 phytate phosphorus release from both phytase treatments. At 14 days, birds fed a treatment supplemented with phytase at 2000 FTU/kg showed an increase in apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility in comparison to 500 FTU/kg fed birds. The data may suggest that birds are digesting more phosphorus at an inclusion of 2000 FTU/kg phytase than 500 FTU/kg phytase but are not able to effectively utilize or store the nutrient as tibia ash showed similar mineral deposition between the two treatments. The concentration of non-phytate (nPP) in the Experiment 2 was 0.20% nPP (0.30% nPP in Experiment 1), which might have precluded the growth performance effects noted in Experiment 1. These two experiments indicate that phytase can act as a viable method in supplementing phosphorus and has the potential to increase broiler growth performance but results may vary depending on the phosphorus deficiency status of the diets before phytase supplementation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mou, Connie"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Animal and Poultry Sciences","degree_department":"Animal and Poultry Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Persia, Michael E."],"committee_members":["Rhoads, Robert P.","Wong, Eric A."],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-09-22","date_published":"2016-09-22","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:31Z","subjects":["Phosphorus","phytase","broiler","growth performance"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:8581"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:8581","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73030","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Persia, Michael E."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Rhoads, Robert P.","Wong, Eric A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mou, Connie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-09-23T08:00:24Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-09-23T08:00:24Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016-09-22"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Phosphorus","phytase","broiler","growth performance"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:8581"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73030"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various phytase concentrations on broiler growth performance, carcass composition, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash and phosphorus utilization. The first experiment contained a positive control (PC) diet that was sufficient in all nutrients, a diet reduced in available phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy utilized as a negative control (NC) diet and the NC diet supplemented with two different phytase products at three inclusions (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) all fed to broilers over a 42-day period. The NC fed birds resulted in reduced growth performance by 42 days of age and phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg had increased growth performance compared to NC (P<0.01), resulting in a similar response to the PC fed birds (P>0.05) indicating phosphorus and other nutrient release from the NC diet with phytase supplementation. Birds fed a diet supplemented with phytase A at 2000 FTU/kg outperformed the PC fed birds in body weight gain, feed efficiency, cold carcass weight, breast weight, breast yield, breast + tender weight and yield (P<0.01), but 2000 FTU/kg of phytase B resulted in poor responses often not improved in comparison to the NC fed birds (P>0.05). The second experiment utilized a standard curve to evaluate the use of phytase at various concentrations over a 14 day feeding assay. There were no differences between the two phytase treatments (500 and 2000 FTU/kg) in body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed intake or tibia ash weight (P>0.05). Standard curve analysis of tibia ash weight resulted in an estimate of 0.15 phytate phosphorus release from both phytase treatments. At 14 days, birds fed a treatment supplemented with phytase at 2000 FTU/kg showed an increase in apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility in comparison to 500 FTU/kg fed birds. The data may suggest that birds are digesting more phosphorus at an inclusion of 2000 FTU/kg phytase than 500 FTU/kg phytase but are not able to effectively utilize or store the nutrient as tibia ash showed similar mineral deposition between the two treatments. The concentration of non-phytate (nPP) in the Experiment 2 was 0.20% nPP (0.30% nPP in Experiment 1), which might have precluded the growth performance effects noted in Experiment 1. These two experiments indicate that phytase can act as a viable method in supplementing phosphorus and has the potential to increase broiler growth performance but results may vary depending on the phosphorus deficiency status of the diets before phytase supplementation."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The effects of various concentrations of phytase on broiler growth performance, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash, and phosphorus utilization"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Persia, Michael E."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Rhoads, Robert P.","Wong, Eric A."],"dc:contributor.department":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Mou, Connie"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-09-23T08:00:24Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-09-23T08:00:24Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2016-09-22"],"dc:description.abstract":["Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of various phytase concentrations on broiler growth performance, carcass composition, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash and phosphorus utilization. The first experiment contained a positive control (PC) diet that was sufficient in all nutrients, a diet reduced in available phosphorus, calcium, amino acids and energy utilized as a negative control (NC) diet and the NC diet supplemented with two different phytase products at three inclusions (500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg) all fed to broilers over a 42-day period. The NC fed birds resulted in reduced growth performance by 42 days of age and phytase at 500 and 1000 FTU/kg had increased growth performance compared to NC (P<0.01), resulting in a similar response to the PC fed birds (P>0.05) indicating phosphorus and other nutrient release from the NC diet with phytase supplementation. Birds fed a diet supplemented with phytase A at 2000 FTU/kg outperformed the PC fed birds in body weight gain, feed efficiency, cold carcass weight, breast weight, breast yield, breast + tender weight and yield (P<0.01), but 2000 FTU/kg of phytase B resulted in poor responses often not improved in comparison to the NC fed birds (P>0.05). The second experiment utilized a standard curve to evaluate the use of phytase at various concentrations over a 14 day feeding assay. There were no differences between the two phytase treatments (500 and 2000 FTU/kg) in body weight gain, feed efficiency, feed intake or tibia ash weight (P>0.05). Standard curve analysis of tibia ash weight resulted in an estimate of 0.15 phytate phosphorus release from both phytase treatments. At 14 days, birds fed a treatment supplemented with phytase at 2000 FTU/kg showed an increase in apparent ileal phosphorus digestibility in comparison to 500 FTU/kg fed birds. The data may suggest that birds are digesting more phosphorus at an inclusion of 2000 FTU/kg phytase than 500 FTU/kg phytase but are not able to effectively utilize or store the nutrient as tibia ash showed similar mineral deposition between the two treatments. The concentration of non-phytate (nPP) in the Experiment 2 was 0.20% nPP (0.30% nPP in Experiment 1), which might have precluded the growth performance effects noted in Experiment 1. These two experiments indicate that phytase can act as a viable method in supplementing phosphorus and has the potential to increase broiler growth performance but results may vary depending on the phosphorus deficiency status of the diets before phytase supplementation."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:8581"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73030"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Phosphorus","phytase","broiler","growth performance"],"dc:title":["The effects of various concentrations of phytase on broiler growth performance, phosphorus digestibility, tibia ash, and phosphorus utilization"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:31Z"}