{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/71321"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/71321","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Surrogate Models for Transonic Aerodynamics for Multidisciplinary Design Optimization","abstract":"Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) requires many designs to be evaluated while searching for an optimum. As a result, the calculations done to evaluate the designs must be quick and simple to have a reasonable turn-around time. This makes aerodynamic calculations in the transonic regime difficult. Running computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations within the MDO code would be too computationally expensive. Instead, CFD is used outside the MDO to find two-dimensional aerodynamic properties of a chosen airfoil shape, BACJ, at a number of points over a range of thickness-to-chord ratios, free-stream Mach numbers, and lift coefficients. These points are used to generate surrogate models which can be used for the two-dimensional aerodynamic calculations required by the MDO computational design environment. Strip theory is used to relate these two-dimensional results to the three-dimensional wing. Models are developed for the center of pressure location, the lift curve slope, the wave drag, and the maximum allowable lift coefficient before buffet. These models have good agreement with the original CFD results for the airfoil. The models are integrated into the aerodynamic and aeroelastic sections of the MDO code.","abstract_html":"Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) requires many designs to be evaluated while searching for an optimum. As a result, the calculations done to evaluate the designs must be quick and simple to have a reasonable turn-around time. This makes aerodynamic calculations in the transonic regime difficult. Running computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations within the MDO code would be too computationally expensive. Instead, CFD is used outside the MDO to find two-dimensional aerodynamic properties of a chosen airfoil shape, BACJ, at a number of points over a range of thickness-to-chord ratios, free-stream Mach numbers, and lift coefficients. These points are used to generate surrogate models which can be used for the two-dimensional aerodynamic calculations required by the MDO computational design environment. Strip theory is used to relate these two-dimensional results to the three-dimensional wing. Models are developed for the center of pressure location, the lift curve slope, the wave drag, and the maximum allowable lift coefficient before buffet. These models have good agreement with the original CFD results for the airfoil. The models are integrated into the aerodynamic and aeroelastic sections of the MDO code.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Segee, Molly Catherine"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Aerospace Engineering","degree_department":"Aerospace and Ocean Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Schetz, Joseph A.","Kapania, Rakesh K."],"committee_members":["Raj, Pradeep"],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-06-06","date_published":"2016-06-06","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:37Z","subjects":["Transonic Aerodynamics","Multidisciplinary Design Optimization","Truss-braced Wings","Strut-braced Wings","Computational fluid dynamics","Response Surface","Surrogate Models","Artificial Neural Networks","Buffet Boundary"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7724"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:7724","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71321","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Schetz, Joseph A.","Kapania, Rakesh K."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Raj, Pradeep"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Aerospace and Ocean Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Segee, Molly Catherine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-06-07T08:01:27Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-06-07T08:01:27Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016-06-06"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Aerospace Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Transonic Aerodynamics","Multidisciplinary Design Optimization","Truss-braced Wings","Strut-braced Wings","Computational fluid dynamics","Response Surface","Surrogate Models","Artificial Neural Networks","Buffet Boundary"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7724"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71321"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) requires many designs to be evaluated while searching for an optimum. As a result, the calculations done to evaluate the designs must be quick and simple to have a reasonable turn-around time. This makes aerodynamic calculations in the transonic regime difficult. Running computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations within the MDO code would be too computationally expensive. Instead, CFD is used outside the MDO to find two-dimensional aerodynamic properties of a chosen airfoil shape, BACJ, at a number of points over a range of thickness-to-chord ratios, free-stream Mach numbers, and lift coefficients. These points are used to generate surrogate models which can be used for the two-dimensional aerodynamic calculations required by the MDO computational design environment. Strip theory is used to relate these two-dimensional results to the three-dimensional wing. Models are developed for the center of pressure location, the lift curve slope, the wave drag, and the maximum allowable lift coefficient before buffet. 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