{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/71009"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/71009","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Stiffness reduction resulting from transverse cracking in fiber- reinforced composite laminates","abstract":"Several damage modes, including fiber breakage, delamination, and transverse cracking, have been observed to contribute to the mechanical degradation of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In this investigation, the effect of transverse cracking on laminate stiffness was studied. Four. glass-epoxy laminates ([0,90₃]<sub>s</sub>, [90₃,0]<sub>s</sub>, [0,90]<sub>s</sub>, and [0,±45]<sub>s</sub>) were evaluated. Two experimental test sequences were performed. In the first test sequence, longitudinal stiffness was measured at various stages of damage development. Damage development was monitored via edge replication. In the second test sequence, four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>) were measured in the undamaged and near-saturation damage states. Two analytical models were evaluated. A one dimensional shear lag model was used to predict longitudinal stiffness as a function of crack density for the [0,90₃]<sub>s</sub> and 90₃,0]<sub>s</sub> laminates. Correlation between theory and experiment was good. A modified laminate analysis was used to predict four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>). Except for the [0,±45]<sub>s</sub> case, a laminate in which significant amounts of damage - s other than transverse cracking were observed, agreement between pre- · dieted and observed stiffness changes was good.","abstract_html":"Several damage modes, including fiber breakage, delamination, and transverse cracking, have been observed to contribute to the mechanical degradation of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In this investigation, the effect of transverse cracking on laminate stiffness was studied. Four. glass-epoxy laminates ([0,90₃]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, [90₃,0]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, [0,90]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, and [0,±45]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;) were evaluated. Two experimental test sequences were performed. In the first test sequence, longitudinal stiffness was measured at various stages of damage development. Damage development was monitored via edge replication. In the second test sequence, four laminate stiffnesses (E&lt;sub&gt;xx&lt;/sub&gt;, v&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt;, G&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt;, and D&lt;sub&gt;yy&lt;/sub&gt;) were measured in the undamaged and near-saturation damage states. Two analytical models were evaluated. A one dimensional shear lag model was used to predict longitudinal stiffness as a function of crack density for the [0,90₃]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; and 90₃,0]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; laminates. Correlation between theory and experiment was good. A modified laminate analysis was used to predict four laminate stiffnesses (E&lt;sub&gt;xx&lt;/sub&gt;, v&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt;, G&lt;sub&gt;xy&lt;/sub&gt;, and D&lt;sub&gt;yy&lt;/sub&gt;). Except for the [0,±45]&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt; case, a laminate in which significant amounts of damage - s other than transverse cracking were observed, agreement between pre- · dieted and observed stiffness changes was good.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Highsmith, Alton L."],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Engineering Mechanics","degree_department":"Engineering Mechanics","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1981,"date_issued":"1981","date_published":"1981","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:32Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71009","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Engineering Mechanics"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Highsmith, Alton L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-05-23T14:57:05Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-05-23T14:57:05Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1981"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering Mechanics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71009"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Several damage modes, including fiber breakage, delamination, and transverse cracking, have been observed to contribute to the mechanical degradation of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In this investigation, the effect of transverse cracking on laminate stiffness was studied. Four. glass-epoxy laminates ([0,90₃]<sub>s</sub>, [90₃,0]<sub>s</sub>, [0,90]<sub>s</sub>, and [0,±45]<sub>s</sub>) were evaluated. Two experimental test sequences were performed. In the first test sequence, longitudinal stiffness was measured at various stages of damage development. Damage development was monitored via edge replication. In the second test sequence, four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>) were measured in the undamaged and near-saturation damage states. Two analytical models were evaluated. A one dimensional shear lag model was used to predict longitudinal stiffness as a function of crack density for the [0,90₃]<sub>s</sub> and 90₃,0]<sub>s</sub> laminates. Correlation between theory and experiment was good. A modified laminate analysis was used to predict four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>). Except for the [0,±45]<sub>s</sub> case, a laminate in which significant amounts of damage - s other than transverse cracking were observed, agreement between pre- · dieted and observed stiffness changes was good."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Stiffness reduction resulting from transverse cracking in fiber- reinforced composite laminates"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Engineering Mechanics"],"dc:creator":["Highsmith, Alton L."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-05-23T14:57:05Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-05-23T14:57:05Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1981"],"dc:description.abstract":["Several damage modes, including fiber breakage, delamination, and transverse cracking, have been observed to contribute to the mechanical degradation of fiber-reinforced composite laminates. In this investigation, the effect of transverse cracking on laminate stiffness was studied. Four. glass-epoxy laminates ([0,90₃]<sub>s</sub>, [90₃,0]<sub>s</sub>, [0,90]<sub>s</sub>, and [0,±45]<sub>s</sub>) were evaluated. Two experimental test sequences were performed. In the first test sequence, longitudinal stiffness was measured at various stages of damage development. Damage development was monitored via edge replication. In the second test sequence, four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>) were measured in the undamaged and near-saturation damage states. Two analytical models were evaluated. A one dimensional shear lag model was used to predict longitudinal stiffness as a function of crack density for the [0,90₃]<sub>s</sub> and 90₃,0]<sub>s</sub> laminates. Correlation between theory and experiment was good. A modified laminate analysis was used to predict four laminate stiffnesses (E<sub>xx</sub>, v<sub>xy</sub>, G<sub>xy</sub>, and D<sub>yy</sub>). Except for the [0,±45]<sub>s</sub> case, a laminate in which significant amounts of damage - s other than transverse cracking were observed, agreement between pre- · dieted and observed stiffness changes was good."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71009"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Stiffness reduction resulting from transverse cracking in fiber- reinforced composite laminates"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering Mechanics"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:32Z"}