{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/70978"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/70978","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Spatial Variation of Magnitude Scaling Factors During the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquakes","abstract":"Magnitude Scaling Factors (MSF) account for the durational effects of strong ground shaking on the inducement of liquefaction within the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure which is the most commonly used approach for assessing liquefaction potential worldwide. Within the context of the simplified procedure, the spatial variation in the seismic demand imposed on the soil traditionally has been assumed to be solely a function of the spatial variation of the peak amplitude of the ground motions and the characteristics of the soil profile. Conversely, MSF have been solely correlated to earthquake magnitude. This assumption fails to appreciate the inverse correlation between the peak amplitude of ground motions and strong ground motion duration, and thus MSF would seemingly vary spatially. The combination of well-documented liquefaction response during the Darfield and Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes, densely-recorded ground motions for the events, and detailed subsurface characterization provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the significance of the spatial variation of MSF on the inducement of liquefaction. Towards this end, MSF were computed at 15 strong motion recording station sites across Christchurch and its surroundings using two established approaches. Trends in the site and spatial variation of the MSF computed for both the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are scrutinized and their implications on liquefaction evaluations are discussed.","abstract_html":"Magnitude Scaling Factors (MSF) account for the durational effects of strong ground shaking on the inducement of liquefaction within the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure which is the most commonly used approach for assessing liquefaction potential worldwide. Within the context of the simplified procedure, the spatial variation in the seismic demand imposed on the soil traditionally has been assumed to be solely a function of the spatial variation of the peak amplitude of the ground motions and the characteristics of the soil profile. Conversely, MSF have been solely correlated to earthquake magnitude. This assumption fails to appreciate the inverse correlation between the peak amplitude of ground motions and strong ground motion duration, and thus MSF would seemingly vary spatially. The combination of well-documented liquefaction response during the Darfield and Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes, densely-recorded ground motions for the events, and detailed subsurface characterization provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the significance of the spatial variation of MSF on the inducement of liquefaction. Towards this end, MSF were computed at 15 strong motion recording station sites across Christchurch and its surroundings using two established approaches. Trends in the site and spatial variation of the MSF computed for both the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are scrutinized and their implications on liquefaction evaluations are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Carter, William Lake"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Green, Russell A."],"committee_members":["Dove, Joseph E.","Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian"],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-05-18","date_published":"2016-05-18","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:22Z","subjects":["Liquefaction","Magnitude Scaling Factors","Christchurch","Canterbury Earthquakes"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7306"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:7306","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70978","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Green, Russell A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Dove, Joseph E.","Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Carter, William Lake"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-05-19T08:00:16Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-05-19T08:00:16Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2016-05-18"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Liquefaction","Magnitude Scaling Factors","Christchurch","Canterbury Earthquakes"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:7306"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70978"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Magnitude Scaling Factors (MSF) account for the durational effects of strong ground shaking on the inducement of liquefaction within the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure which is the most commonly used approach for assessing liquefaction potential worldwide. Within the context of the simplified procedure, the spatial variation in the seismic demand imposed on the soil traditionally has been assumed to be solely a function of the spatial variation of the peak amplitude of the ground motions and the characteristics of the soil profile. Conversely, MSF have been solely correlated to earthquake magnitude. This assumption fails to appreciate the inverse correlation between the peak amplitude of ground motions and strong ground motion duration, and thus MSF would seemingly vary spatially. The combination of well-documented liquefaction response during the Darfield and Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes, densely-recorded ground motions for the events, and detailed subsurface characterization provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the significance of the spatial variation of MSF on the inducement of liquefaction. Towards this end, MSF were computed at 15 strong motion recording station sites across Christchurch and its surroundings using two established approaches. Trends in the site and spatial variation of the MSF computed for both the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are scrutinized and their implications on liquefaction evaluations are discussed."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Spatial Variation of Magnitude Scaling Factors During the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquakes"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Green, Russell A."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Dove, Joseph E.","Rodriguez-Marek, Adrian"],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Carter, William Lake"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-05-19T08:00:16Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-05-19T08:00:16Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2016-05-18"],"dc:description.abstract":["Magnitude Scaling Factors (MSF) account for the durational effects of strong ground shaking on the inducement of liquefaction within the simplified liquefaction evaluation procedure which is the most commonly used approach for assessing liquefaction potential worldwide. Within the context of the simplified procedure, the spatial variation in the seismic demand imposed on the soil traditionally has been assumed to be solely a function of the spatial variation of the peak amplitude of the ground motions and the characteristics of the soil profile. Conversely, MSF have been solely correlated to earthquake magnitude. This assumption fails to appreciate the inverse correlation between the peak amplitude of ground motions and strong ground motion duration, and thus MSF would seemingly vary spatially. The combination of well-documented liquefaction response during the Darfield and Christchurch, New Zealand, earthquakes, densely-recorded ground motions for the events, and detailed subsurface characterization provides an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the significance of the spatial variation of MSF on the inducement of liquefaction. Towards this end, MSF were computed at 15 strong motion recording station sites across Christchurch and its surroundings using two established approaches. Trends in the site and spatial variation of the MSF computed for both the Darfield and Christchurch earthquakes are scrutinized and their implications on liquefaction evaluations are discussed."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:7306"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70978"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Liquefaction","Magnitude Scaling Factors","Christchurch","Canterbury Earthquakes"],"dc:title":["Spatial Variation of Magnitude Scaling Factors During the 2010 Darfield and 2011 Christchurch, New Zealand, Earthquakes"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:22Z"}