{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/64685"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/64685","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Seminal plasma and freeze-thaw injury to bovine sperm","abstract":"Using a split-ejaculate technique, two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sperm exposure to seminal plasma on freeze-thaw injury. In Experiment I, 14 ejaculates from 10 Holstein bulls were held at 32°C for either 0, 20, 40, 60, 120 or 240 min followed by dilution in egg yolk-citrate. All treatments were maintained at 32°C for 240 min post-collection, at which time semen was cooled to 5°C, glycerolated, and then frozen in .5-ml French Straws using N₂ vapor. Experiment II, using 18 ejaculates from 10 bulls, was conducted identically to Experiment I, except semen was cooled to 5°C immediately after each dilution. Semen was thawed at 5°C and incubated at 37°C. Direct counts of intact acrosomes and estimates of percent motility were recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 hrs of incubation. In Experiment I, there was a highly significant interaction (P < .01) between holding time x ejaculates to seminal plasma with regard to acrosomal retention. Optimum exposure time ranged from 20 to 120 min and 240-min exposure was deleterious for all ejaculates (P < .05). Variation in motility was not significant among treatments. In Experiment II, holding time x ejaculates interaction was again the most significant factor (P < .01). However, 20-min exposure to seminal plasma resulted in optimum acrosomal retention post-thaw for 15 ejaculates, while 40-min exposure was optimum for 2 ejaculates and 1 ejaculate did not respond favorably to any exposure time. While degree of response to seminal plasma exposure time varied among ejaculates, 20-min exposure was not deleterious to any ejaculate. Post-thaw motility was significantly (P < .01) reduced by 240-min exposure to seminal plasma.","abstract_html":"Using a split-ejaculate technique, two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sperm exposure to seminal plasma on freeze-thaw injury. In Experiment I, 14 ejaculates from 10 Holstein bulls were held at 32°C for either 0, 20, 40, 60, 120 or 240 min followed by dilution in egg yolk-citrate. All treatments were maintained at 32°C for 240 min post-collection, at which time semen was cooled to 5°C, glycerolated, and then frozen in .5-ml French Straws using N₂ vapor. Experiment II, using 18 ejaculates from 10 bulls, was conducted identically to Experiment I, except semen was cooled to 5°C immediately after each dilution. Semen was thawed at 5°C and incubated at 37°C. Direct counts of intact acrosomes and estimates of percent motility were recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 hrs of incubation. In Experiment I, there was a highly significant interaction (P &lt; .01) between holding time x ejaculates to seminal plasma with regard to acrosomal retention. Optimum exposure time ranged from 20 to 120 min and 240-min exposure was deleterious for all ejaculates (P &lt; .05). Variation in motility was not significant among treatments. In Experiment II, holding time x ejaculates interaction was again the most significant factor (P &lt; .01). However, 20-min exposure to seminal plasma resulted in optimum acrosomal retention post-thaw for 15 ejaculates, while 40-min exposure was optimum for 2 ejaculates and 1 ejaculate did not respond favorably to any exposure time. While degree of response to seminal plasma exposure time varied among ejaculates, 20-min exposure was not deleterious to any ejaculate. Post-thaw motility was significantly (P &lt; .01) reduced by 240-min exposure to seminal plasma.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gerber, Lawrence E."],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Dairy Science","degree_department":"Dairy Science","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1972,"date_issued":"1972","date_published":"1972","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:56Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64685","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gerber, Lawrence E."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2016-02-01T18:05:34Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-02-01T18:05:34Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1972"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64685"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Using a split-ejaculate technique, two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sperm exposure to seminal plasma on freeze-thaw injury. In Experiment I, 14 ejaculates from 10 Holstein bulls were held at 32°C for either 0, 20, 40, 60, 120 or 240 min followed by dilution in egg yolk-citrate. All treatments were maintained at 32°C for 240 min post-collection, at which time semen was cooled to 5°C, glycerolated, and then frozen in .5-ml French Straws using N₂ vapor. Experiment II, using 18 ejaculates from 10 bulls, was conducted identically to Experiment I, except semen was cooled to 5°C immediately after each dilution. Semen was thawed at 5°C and incubated at 37°C. Direct counts of intact acrosomes and estimates of percent motility were recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 hrs of incubation. In Experiment I, there was a highly significant interaction (P < .01) between holding time x ejaculates to seminal plasma with regard to acrosomal retention. Optimum exposure time ranged from 20 to 120 min and 240-min exposure was deleterious for all ejaculates (P < .05). Variation in motility was not significant among treatments. In Experiment II, holding time x ejaculates interaction was again the most significant factor (P < .01). However, 20-min exposure to seminal plasma resulted in optimum acrosomal retention post-thaw for 15 ejaculates, while 40-min exposure was optimum for 2 ejaculates and 1 ejaculate did not respond favorably to any exposure time. While degree of response to seminal plasma exposure time varied among ejaculates, 20-min exposure was not deleterious to any ejaculate. Post-thaw motility was significantly (P < .01) reduced by 240-min exposure to seminal plasma."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Seminal plasma and freeze-thaw injury to bovine sperm"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Dairy Science"],"dc:creator":["Gerber, Lawrence E."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2016-02-01T18:05:34Z"],"dc:date.available":["2016-02-01T18:05:34Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1972"],"dc:description.abstract":["Using a split-ejaculate technique, two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of sperm exposure to seminal plasma on freeze-thaw injury. In Experiment I, 14 ejaculates from 10 Holstein bulls were held at 32°C for either 0, 20, 40, 60, 120 or 240 min followed by dilution in egg yolk-citrate. All treatments were maintained at 32°C for 240 min post-collection, at which time semen was cooled to 5°C, glycerolated, and then frozen in .5-ml French Straws using N₂ vapor. Experiment II, using 18 ejaculates from 10 bulls, was conducted identically to Experiment I, except semen was cooled to 5°C immediately after each dilution. Semen was thawed at 5°C and incubated at 37°C. Direct counts of intact acrosomes and estimates of percent motility were recorded at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 hrs of incubation. In Experiment I, there was a highly significant interaction (P < .01) between holding time x ejaculates to seminal plasma with regard to acrosomal retention. Optimum exposure time ranged from 20 to 120 min and 240-min exposure was deleterious for all ejaculates (P < .05). Variation in motility was not significant among treatments. In Experiment II, holding time x ejaculates interaction was again the most significant factor (P < .01). However, 20-min exposure to seminal plasma resulted in optimum acrosomal retention post-thaw for 15 ejaculates, while 40-min exposure was optimum for 2 ejaculates and 1 ejaculate did not respond favorably to any exposure time. While degree of response to seminal plasma exposure time varied among ejaculates, 20-min exposure was not deleterious to any ejaculate. Post-thaw motility was significantly (P < .01) reduced by 240-min exposure to seminal plasma."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64685"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Seminal plasma and freeze-thaw injury to bovine sperm"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Dairy Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:56Z"}