Effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers

Beef cattle producers continuously search for nutritional management options that provide flexibility to production scenarios. Due to its positive effects on maternal productivity, early weaning is one such alternative strategy that has received considerable interest. To better understand the effects of early weaning on calf productivity, an extensive literature review and three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of early weaning on finishing feed efficiency, marbling development and retail product quality of beef steers. In experiment I, which included 90 Angus-sired steers from four calving seasons, early weaning followed by a short ad libitum concentrate-feeding and pasture-backgrounding phase reduced finishing residual feed intake (RFI) by 7 % (P < 0.0001) and increased carcass marbling score (MS) by 10 % (P < 0.01) when compared to conventionally weaned (CW) contemporaries. Similar effects were observed in experiment II, which included 28 Angus and Simmental-sired steers, as early weaning reduced RFI (P < 0.01) and increased carcass MS (P < 0.01). Lung mass of early weaned (EW) steers was greater than their CW contemporaries (P < 0.05), and was inversely related to RFI (R2 = 0.17; P < 0.05). Finishing treatments in this experiment included a high corn ration and an alternative low corn ration that iso-calorically replaced 50 % of the DM from corn with dried corn gluten feed. Iso-caloric replacement of corn reduced lung mass (P < 0.01), and when combined with the observed increase of EW steers suggests that lung development is affected by dietary energy type at various stages of growth. In experiment III, objective analyses of ribeye steaks obtained from steers included in experiment two revealed that early weaning increased cross-sectional muscle fiber area by 28 % (P < 0.001) and tended to increase (P = 0.08) Warner-Bratzler shear force by 36 %. Nonetheless, these effects were not great enough to alter un-trained consumer perception of texture (P ≥ 0.65), juiciness (P ≥ 0.55), flavor (P ≥ 0.25) or overall acceptability (P ≥ 0.34). Collectively, these results indicate that early weaning enhances finishing feed efficiency and carcass marbling without affecting un-trained consumer sensory perception.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph. D.

Level thesis:degree_level

doctoral

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Animal and Poultry Sciences

Department dc:contributor.department

Animal and Poultry Sciences

Grantor dc:publisher

Virginia Tech

Year dc:date.issued

2015

Author dc:creator

• Smith, Jason Kaleb

Chair dc:contributor.committeechair

• McCann, Mark A.

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Hanigan, Mark D.
• El-Kadi, Samer Wassim
• Johnson, Sally E.
• Greiner, Scott P.

• early weaning
• feed efficiency
• marbling development

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Dc Identifier Other

vt_gsexam:6261

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/56596