{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/54875"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/54875","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Sulfidation of synthetic biotites","abstract":"A series of hydrothermal experiments at 2000 bars have been conducted in order to investigate the systematic relation between biotite composition on the join phlogopite-annite and the composition of pyrrhotite. In an attempt to bracket the sulfide-silicate compositional pairs, three layers within a single capsule were used: 1) pyrite + Fe-rich biotite in the top, 2) sanidine + magnetite in the middle, and 3) troilite + Mg-rich biotite in the bottom. At the conclusion of a bracketing run, the biotite in the top was found to have become more Mg-rich and the biotite in the bottom was found to have become more Fe-rich while a pyrrhotite of apparently homogeneous composition was found throughout the capsule. Five equilibrium determinations at 700°C have been located: (N)<sub>Po</sub> = 0.928, (Fe/(Fe + Mg))<sub>Bi</sub> = 0.496 0.936 0.530 0.945 0.541 0.947 0.581 0.950 0.585 The data demonstrate that biotites tend to become more Mg-enriched with increasingly sulfur-rich compositions of pyrrhotite. This study can be applied to natural systems in which a pyrrhotite-biotite-magnetite-K-spar assemblage is present. Since sulfides have been observed to re-equilibrate at lower temperatures while the composition of the Fe-Mg silicates still mirror the conditions of metamorphism, silicate compositions can potentially be used as a measure of f<sub>S₂</sub> and f<sub>O₂</sub>. From this, one can attempt to calculate the properties of the vapor during the alteration of the silicates and ore genesis.","abstract_html":"A series of hydrothermal experiments at 2000 bars have been conducted in order to investigate the systematic relation between biotite composition on the join phlogopite-annite and the composition of pyrrhotite. In an attempt to bracket the sulfide-silicate compositional pairs, three layers within a single capsule were used: 1) pyrite + Fe-rich biotite in the top, 2) sanidine + magnetite in the middle, and 3) troilite + Mg-rich biotite in the bottom. At the conclusion of a bracketing run, the biotite in the top was found to have become more Mg-rich and the biotite in the bottom was found to have become more Fe-rich while a pyrrhotite of apparently homogeneous composition was found throughout the capsule. Five equilibrium determinations at 700°C have been located: (N)&lt;sub&gt;Po&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.928, (Fe/(Fe + Mg))&lt;sub&gt;Bi&lt;/sub&gt; = 0.496 0.936 0.530 0.945 0.541 0.947 0.581 0.950 0.585 The data demonstrate that biotites tend to become more Mg-enriched with increasingly sulfur-rich compositions of pyrrhotite. This study can be applied to natural systems in which a pyrrhotite-biotite-magnetite-K-spar assemblage is present. Since sulfides have been observed to re-equilibrate at lower temperatures while the composition of the Fe-Mg silicates still mirror the conditions of metamorphism, silicate compositions can potentially be used as a measure of f&lt;sub&gt;S₂&lt;/sub&gt; and f&lt;sub&gt;O₂&lt;/sub&gt;. From this, one can attempt to calculate the properties of the vapor during the alteration of the silicates and ore genesis.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Tso, Jonathan Lee"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Geological Sciences","degree_department":"Geological Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1977,"date_issued":"1977","date_published":"1977","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:39Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54875","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Geological Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Tso, Jonathan Lee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2015-07-28T20:42:19Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-07-28T20:42:19Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1977"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Geological Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54875"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A series of hydrothermal experiments at 2000 bars have been conducted in order to investigate the systematic relation between biotite composition on the join phlogopite-annite and the composition of pyrrhotite. In an attempt to bracket the sulfide-silicate compositional pairs, three layers within a single capsule were used: 1) pyrite + Fe-rich biotite in the top, 2) sanidine + magnetite in the middle, and 3) troilite + Mg-rich biotite in the bottom. At the conclusion of a bracketing run, the biotite in the top was found to have become more Mg-rich and the biotite in the bottom was found to have become more Fe-rich while a pyrrhotite of apparently homogeneous composition was found throughout the capsule. Five equilibrium determinations at 700°C have been located: (N)<sub>Po</sub> = 0.928, (Fe/(Fe + Mg))<sub>Bi</sub> = 0.496 0.936 0.530 0.945 0.541 0.947 0.581 0.950 0.585 The data demonstrate that biotites tend to become more Mg-enriched with increasingly sulfur-rich compositions of pyrrhotite. This study can be applied to natural systems in which a pyrrhotite-biotite-magnetite-K-spar assemblage is present. Since sulfides have been observed to re-equilibrate at lower temperatures while the composition of the Fe-Mg silicates still mirror the conditions of metamorphism, silicate compositions can potentially be used as a measure of f<sub>S₂</sub> and f<sub>O₂</sub>. From this, one can attempt to calculate the properties of the vapor during the alteration of the silicates and ore genesis."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Sulfidation of synthetic biotites"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Geological Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Tso, Jonathan Lee"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-07-28T20:42:19Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-07-28T20:42:19Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1977"],"dc:description.abstract":["A series of hydrothermal experiments at 2000 bars have been conducted in order to investigate the systematic relation between biotite composition on the join phlogopite-annite and the composition of pyrrhotite. In an attempt to bracket the sulfide-silicate compositional pairs, three layers within a single capsule were used: 1) pyrite + Fe-rich biotite in the top, 2) sanidine + magnetite in the middle, and 3) troilite + Mg-rich biotite in the bottom. At the conclusion of a bracketing run, the biotite in the top was found to have become more Mg-rich and the biotite in the bottom was found to have become more Fe-rich while a pyrrhotite of apparently homogeneous composition was found throughout the capsule. Five equilibrium determinations at 700°C have been located: (N)<sub>Po</sub> = 0.928, (Fe/(Fe + Mg))<sub>Bi</sub> = 0.496 0.936 0.530 0.945 0.541 0.947 0.581 0.950 0.585 The data demonstrate that biotites tend to become more Mg-enriched with increasingly sulfur-rich compositions of pyrrhotite. This study can be applied to natural systems in which a pyrrhotite-biotite-magnetite-K-spar assemblage is present. Since sulfides have been observed to re-equilibrate at lower temperatures while the composition of the Fe-Mg silicates still mirror the conditions of metamorphism, silicate compositions can potentially be used as a measure of f<sub>S₂</sub> and f<sub>O₂</sub>. From this, one can attempt to calculate the properties of the vapor during the alteration of the silicates and ore genesis."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54875"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Sulfidation of synthetic biotites"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geological Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:39Z"}