{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/53198"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/53198","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Shrinkage characteristics of lodgepole pine","abstract":"This study examined shrinkage and related characteristics of two North American varieties of lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pinus contorta var. murrayana, sampled at 10% of tree height. For var. murrayana, size was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; specific gravity decreased with increasing tree diameter. For var. Iatifolia, latitude was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; in general, specific gravity increased with increasing latitude. Conversely, specific gravity had a significant effect on radial shrinkage, the radial shrinkage tangential shrinkage ratio, and volumetric shrinkage for both varieties. The analysis of variance procedure indicated that the factors size, latitude, and elevation had no effect on the shrinkage of var. Iatifolia. However, for var. murrayana, radial shrinkage was affected by both tree size and latitude. Tangential shrinkage was also affected by latitude (increasing with increasing latitude). Linear correlations between radial shrinkage and growth rate, longitudinal shrinkage and distance I from the pith (a negative relationship), and specific gravity and growth rate were highly significant for both varieties. For var. Iatifolia, the linear association between specific gravity and heartwood percent was also significant. For var. murrayana, no difference in shrinkage or specific gravity was detected between the heartwood and sapwood. For var. Iatifolia, heartwood shrank less radially and had a lower specific gravity than sapwood. A comparison of the two varieties at their common latitudes indicated that murrayana trees have both higher specific gravity and shrinkage than do Iatifolia trees of the same size.","abstract_html":"This study examined shrinkage and related characteristics of two North American varieties of lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pinus contorta var. murrayana, sampled at 10% of tree height. For var. murrayana, size was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; specific gravity decreased with increasing tree diameter. For var. Iatifolia, latitude was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; in general, specific gravity increased with increasing latitude. Conversely, specific gravity had a significant effect on radial shrinkage, the radial shrinkage tangential shrinkage ratio, and volumetric shrinkage for both varieties. The analysis of variance procedure indicated that the factors size, latitude, and elevation had no effect on the shrinkage of var. Iatifolia. However, for var. murrayana, radial shrinkage was affected by both tree size and latitude. Tangential shrinkage was also affected by latitude (increasing with increasing latitude). Linear correlations between radial shrinkage and growth rate, longitudinal shrinkage and distance I from the pith (a negative relationship), and specific gravity and growth rate were highly significant for both varieties. For var. Iatifolia, the linear association between specific gravity and heartwood percent was also significant. For var. murrayana, no difference in shrinkage or specific gravity was detected between the heartwood and sapwood. For var. Iatifolia, heartwood shrank less radially and had a lower specific gravity than sapwood. A comparison of the two varieties at their common latitudes indicated that murrayana trees have both higher specific gravity and shrinkage than do Iatifolia trees of the same size.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wiedenbeck, Janice K."],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Forestry and Forest Products","degree_department":"Forestry and Forest Products","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1988,"date_issued":"1988","date_published":"1988","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:21Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53198","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Forestry and Forest Products"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wiedenbeck, Janice K."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2015-06-23T19:09:30Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-06-23T19:09:30Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1988"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Forestry and Forest Products"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53198"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study examined shrinkage and related characteristics of two North American varieties of lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pinus contorta var. murrayana, sampled at 10% of tree height. For var. murrayana, size was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; specific gravity decreased with increasing tree diameter. For var. Iatifolia, latitude was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; in general, specific gravity increased with increasing latitude. Conversely, specific gravity had a significant effect on radial shrinkage, the radial shrinkage tangential shrinkage ratio, and volumetric shrinkage for both varieties. The analysis of variance procedure indicated that the factors size, latitude, and elevation had no effect on the shrinkage of var. Iatifolia. However, for var. murrayana, radial shrinkage was affected by both tree size and latitude. Tangential shrinkage was also affected by latitude (increasing with increasing latitude). Linear correlations between radial shrinkage and growth rate, longitudinal shrinkage and distance I from the pith (a negative relationship), and specific gravity and growth rate were highly significant for both varieties. For var. Iatifolia, the linear association between specific gravity and heartwood percent was also significant. For var. murrayana, no difference in shrinkage or specific gravity was detected between the heartwood and sapwood. For var. Iatifolia, heartwood shrank less radially and had a lower specific gravity than sapwood. A comparison of the two varieties at their common latitudes indicated that murrayana trees have both higher specific gravity and shrinkage than do Iatifolia trees of the same size."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Shrinkage characteristics of lodgepole pine"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Forestry and Forest Products"],"dc:creator":["Wiedenbeck, Janice K."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-06-23T19:09:30Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-06-23T19:09:30Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1988"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study examined shrinkage and related characteristics of two North American varieties of lodgepole pine: Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Pinus contorta var. murrayana, sampled at 10% of tree height. For var. murrayana, size was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; specific gravity decreased with increasing tree diameter. For var. Iatifolia, latitude was the only factor that had a significant effect on specific gravity; in general, specific gravity increased with increasing latitude. Conversely, specific gravity had a significant effect on radial shrinkage, the radial shrinkage tangential shrinkage ratio, and volumetric shrinkage for both varieties. The analysis of variance procedure indicated that the factors size, latitude, and elevation had no effect on the shrinkage of var. Iatifolia. However, for var. murrayana, radial shrinkage was affected by both tree size and latitude. Tangential shrinkage was also affected by latitude (increasing with increasing latitude). Linear correlations between radial shrinkage and growth rate, longitudinal shrinkage and distance I from the pith (a negative relationship), and specific gravity and growth rate were highly significant for both varieties. For var. Iatifolia, the linear association between specific gravity and heartwood percent was also significant. For var. murrayana, no difference in shrinkage or specific gravity was detected between the heartwood and sapwood. For var. Iatifolia, heartwood shrank less radially and had a lower specific gravity than sapwood. A comparison of the two varieties at their common latitudes indicated that murrayana trees have both higher specific gravity and shrinkage than do Iatifolia trees of the same size."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53198"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Shrinkage characteristics of lodgepole pine"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Forestry and Forest Products"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:21Z"}