{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/53045"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/53045","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"An experimental comparison of thermal discharges to a waterway by a single jet and by a multiple port diffuser","abstract":"An experimental comparison has been made of the behavior of thermal effluents released by two different basic discharge methods. First, a multiple port diffuser, which acts to enhance mixing of the discharge with the receiving, water, was studied. Second, a single jet discharge, which is simpler, but achieves less rapid dispersion and dilution, was investigated for discharge at the surface and submerged. The study consisted of three experimental phases. First, dye tests were conducted and photographs of the dyed, heated discharges were taken to record flow patterns. Second, the temperature field in the receiving stream was measured with thermocouple probes. Third, thermographic color patterns were developed with sheets of liquid crystals, and photographed in color. The results showed that the multiple port diffuser minimized temperature gradients in the receiving stream, but resulted in greater heat storage within the stream. Also, the single jet located at the water surface, tended to maximize temperature gradients, but allowed better heat dissipation to the atmosphere.","abstract_html":"An experimental comparison has been made of the behavior of thermal effluents released by two different basic discharge methods. First, a multiple port diffuser, which acts to enhance mixing of the discharge with the receiving, water, was studied. Second, a single jet discharge, which is simpler, but achieves less rapid dispersion and dilution, was investigated for discharge at the surface and submerged. The study consisted of three experimental phases. First, dye tests were conducted and photographs of the dyed, heated discharges were taken to record flow patterns. Second, the temperature field in the receiving stream was measured with thermocouple probes. Third, thermographic color patterns were developed with sheets of liquid crystals, and photographed in color. The results showed that the multiple port diffuser minimized temperature gradients in the receiving stream, but resulted in greater heat storage within the stream. Also, the single jet located at the water surface, tended to maximize temperature gradients, but allowed better heat dissipation to the atmosphere.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Payne, John Averill"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Sanitary Engineering","degree_department":"Sanitary Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1974,"date_issued":"1974","date_published":"1974","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:06Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53045","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Sanitary Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Payne, John Averill"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2015-06-23T19:08:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-06-23T19:08:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1974"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Sanitary Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53045"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["An experimental comparison has been made of the behavior of thermal effluents released by two different basic discharge methods. First, a multiple port diffuser, which acts to enhance mixing of the discharge with the receiving, water, was studied. Second, a single jet discharge, which is simpler, but achieves less rapid dispersion and dilution, was investigated for discharge at the surface and submerged. The study consisted of three experimental phases. First, dye tests were conducted and photographs of the dyed, heated discharges were taken to record flow patterns. Second, the temperature field in the receiving stream was measured with thermocouple probes. Third, thermographic color patterns were developed with sheets of liquid crystals, and photographed in color. The results showed that the multiple port diffuser minimized temperature gradients in the receiving stream, but resulted in greater heat storage within the stream. Also, the single jet located at the water surface, tended to maximize temperature gradients, but allowed better heat dissipation to the atmosphere."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An experimental comparison of thermal discharges to a waterway by a single jet and by a multiple port diffuser"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Sanitary Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Payne, John Averill"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-06-23T19:08:12Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-06-23T19:08:12Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1974"],"dc:description.abstract":["An experimental comparison has been made of the behavior of thermal effluents released by two different basic discharge methods. First, a multiple port diffuser, which acts to enhance mixing of the discharge with the receiving, water, was studied. Second, a single jet discharge, which is simpler, but achieves less rapid dispersion and dilution, was investigated for discharge at the surface and submerged. The study consisted of three experimental phases. First, dye tests were conducted and photographs of the dyed, heated discharges were taken to record flow patterns. Second, the temperature field in the receiving stream was measured with thermocouple probes. Third, thermographic color patterns were developed with sheets of liquid crystals, and photographed in color. The results showed that the multiple port diffuser minimized temperature gradients in the receiving stream, but resulted in greater heat storage within the stream. Also, the single jet located at the water surface, tended to maximize temperature gradients, but allowed better heat dissipation to the atmosphere."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53045"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["An experimental comparison of thermal discharges to a waterway by a single jet and by a multiple port diffuser"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Sanitary Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:06Z"}