{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/51964"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/51964","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Modulation of Innate Immune Cell Signaling Pathways by Staphylococcus aureus and Omnigen-AF®","abstract":"Staphylococcus aureus causes chronic mastitis in bovines that is difficult to treat with current therapeutics. The goal of this research is to provide information about and improve innate immune responses to infection. Infection can result in host cell apoptosis or programmed cell death. Many pathogens can inhibit apoptosis; thereby acquiring a replicative niche, a reprieve from immune responses, and an escape from treatments. We hypothesize that S. aureus inhibits apoptosis in dendritic cells (DC). To investigate our hypothesis, DC were infected with live S. aureus (LSA), γ-irradiated S. aureus (ISA), or Streptococcus agalactiae (Strep ag.) for 2 hours. Stimulations of DC included ultraviolet light (UV) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Results indicate that γ-irradiated S. aureus can inhibit UV-induced apoptosis by upregulating LTA. This research provides information about S. aureus infections, but further research is needed to improve responses to this type of infection. One way to improve innate immune responses to infection is by supplementing bovines with OmniGen-AF®, a probiotic that restores neutrophil function during immunosuppression. To determine the mechanism by which OmniGen-AF® functions, wildtype, MyD88 KO, and TLR4 KO mice were fed either normal chow or supplemented with OmniGen-AF® for two weeks. Mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and challenged with LTA. LTA overcame immunosuppression in a TLR4-depenent manner regardless of supplementation with OmniGen-AF®. Overall this research supplies knowledge about S. aureus inhibition of apoptosis in DC and S. aureus LTA activation of PMN regardless of immunosuppression or supplementation with OmniGen-AF®.","abstract_html":"Staphylococcus aureus causes chronic mastitis in bovines that is difficult to treat with current therapeutics. The goal of this research is to provide information about and improve innate immune responses to infection. Infection can result in host cell apoptosis or programmed cell death. Many pathogens can inhibit apoptosis; thereby acquiring a replicative niche, a reprieve from immune responses, and an escape from treatments. We hypothesize that S. aureus inhibits apoptosis in dendritic cells (DC). To investigate our hypothesis, DC were infected with live S. aureus (LSA), γ-irradiated S. aureus (ISA), or Streptococcus agalactiae (Strep ag.) for 2 hours. Stimulations of DC included ultraviolet light (UV) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Results indicate that γ-irradiated S. aureus can inhibit UV-induced apoptosis by upregulating LTA. This research provides information about S. aureus infections, but further research is needed to improve responses to this type of infection. One way to improve innate immune responses to infection is by supplementing bovines with OmniGen-AF®, a probiotic that restores neutrophil function during immunosuppression. To determine the mechanism by which OmniGen-AF® functions, wildtype, MyD88 KO, and TLR4 KO mice were fed either normal chow or supplemented with OmniGen-AF® for two weeks. Mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and challenged with LTA. LTA overcame immunosuppression in a TLR4-depenent manner regardless of supplementation with OmniGen-AF®. Overall this research supplies knowledge about S. aureus inhibition of apoptosis in DC and S. aureus LTA activation of PMN regardless of immunosuppression or supplementation with OmniGen-AF®.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Johnson, Anne Caitlin"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Dairy Science","degree_department":"Dairy Science","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Kanevsky, Isis"],"committee_members":["Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.","Xu, Bin"],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-11-08","date_published":"2013-11-08","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:16Z","subjects":["Staphylococcus aureus","dendritic cell","Apoptosis","OmniGen-AF®","immunosuppression","neutrophil","MyD88"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:1734"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:1734","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51964","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Kanevsky, Isis"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.","Xu, Bin"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Johnson, Anne Caitlin"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2015-05-03T06:00:31Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2015-05-03T06:00:31Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2013-11-08"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Staphylococcus aureus","dendritic cell","Apoptosis","OmniGen-AF®","immunosuppression","neutrophil","MyD88"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:1734"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51964"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Staphylococcus aureus causes chronic mastitis in bovines that is difficult to treat with current therapeutics. The goal of this research is to provide information about and improve innate immune responses to infection. Infection can result in host cell apoptosis or programmed cell death. Many pathogens can inhibit apoptosis; thereby acquiring a replicative niche, a reprieve from immune responses, and an escape from treatments. We hypothesize that S. aureus inhibits apoptosis in dendritic cells (DC). To investigate our hypothesis, DC were infected with live S. aureus (LSA), γ-irradiated S. aureus (ISA), or Streptococcus agalactiae (Strep ag.) for 2 hours. Stimulations of DC included ultraviolet light (UV) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Results indicate that γ-irradiated S. aureus can inhibit UV-induced apoptosis by upregulating LTA. This research provides information about S. aureus infections, but further research is needed to improve responses to this type of infection. One way to improve innate immune responses to infection is by supplementing bovines with OmniGen-AF®, a probiotic that restores neutrophil function during immunosuppression. To determine the mechanism by which OmniGen-AF® functions, wildtype, MyD88 KO, and TLR4 KO mice were fed either normal chow or supplemented with OmniGen-AF® for two weeks. Mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and challenged with LTA. LTA overcame immunosuppression in a TLR4-depenent manner regardless of supplementation with OmniGen-AF®. Overall this research supplies knowledge about S. aureus inhibition of apoptosis in DC and S. aureus LTA activation of PMN regardless of immunosuppression or supplementation with OmniGen-AF®."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Modulation of Innate Immune Cell Signaling Pathways by Staphylococcus aureus and Omnigen-AF®"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Kanevsky, Isis"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Petersson-Wolfe, Christina S.","Xu, Bin"],"dc:contributor.department":["Dairy Science"],"dc:creator":["Johnson, Anne Caitlin"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2015-05-03T06:00:31Z"],"dc:date.available":["2015-05-03T06:00:31Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2013-11-08"],"dc:description.abstract":["Staphylococcus aureus causes chronic mastitis in bovines that is difficult to treat with current therapeutics. The goal of this research is to provide information about and improve innate immune responses to infection. Infection can result in host cell apoptosis or programmed cell death. Many pathogens can inhibit apoptosis; thereby acquiring a replicative niche, a reprieve from immune responses, and an escape from treatments. We hypothesize that S. aureus inhibits apoptosis in dendritic cells (DC). To investigate our hypothesis, DC were infected with live S. aureus (LSA), γ-irradiated S. aureus (ISA), or Streptococcus agalactiae (Strep ag.) for 2 hours. Stimulations of DC included ultraviolet light (UV) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA). Results indicate that γ-irradiated S. aureus can inhibit UV-induced apoptosis by upregulating LTA. This research provides information about S. aureus infections, but further research is needed to improve responses to this type of infection. One way to improve innate immune responses to infection is by supplementing bovines with OmniGen-AF®, a probiotic that restores neutrophil function during immunosuppression. To determine the mechanism by which OmniGen-AF® functions, wildtype, MyD88 KO, and TLR4 KO mice were fed either normal chow or supplemented with OmniGen-AF® for two weeks. Mice were immunosuppressed with dexamethasone and challenged with LTA. LTA overcame immunosuppression in a TLR4-depenent manner regardless of supplementation with OmniGen-AF®. Overall this research supplies knowledge about S. aureus inhibition of apoptosis in DC and S. aureus LTA activation of PMN regardless of immunosuppression or supplementation with OmniGen-AF®."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:1734"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51964"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Staphylococcus aureus","dendritic cell","Apoptosis","OmniGen-AF®","immunosuppression","neutrophil","MyD88"],"dc:title":["Modulation of Innate Immune Cell Signaling Pathways by Staphylococcus aureus and Omnigen-AF®"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Dairy Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:16Z"}