{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/46518"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/46518","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Estimating Exposure and Uncertainty for Volatile Contaminants in Drinking Water","abstract":"The EPA recently completed a major study to evaluate exposure and risk associated with a primary contaminant, radon and its progeny in drinking water (EPA, 1995). This work resulted in the development of a Monte Carlo Simulation model written in the programming language C. The model developed by the EPA has been used to estimate the cancer fatality risk from radon in water for exposed populations served by community ground water supplies, and to provide a quantitative analysis of the uncertainty associated with the calculations (EPA, 1995). This research is a continuation of the study conducted by the EPA. In this project, a Monte Carlo computer model will be developed to evaluate the risk associated with exposure to volatile compounds in drinking water. The model will be based on a computer program (developed previously by the EPA) for estimating the risks associated with exposure to radon in drinking water. The model will be re-implemented in the form of a computer program written in C. The analysis for radon will be extended to include the entire range of contaminants found in drinking water supplies. The initial focus of the project has been on extending the analysis to cover the ingestion exposure pathway for volatile compounds, but ultimately the risk via ingestion and dermal sorption will also be evaluated. The integrated model can estimate the risks associated with various levels of contaminants in drinking water and should prove valuable in establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for the entire range of contaminants found in water supplies and generated in water treatment and distribution systems.","abstract_html":"The EPA recently completed a major study to evaluate exposure and risk associated with a primary contaminant, radon and its progeny in drinking water (EPA, 1995). This work resulted in the development of a Monte Carlo Simulation model written in the programming language C. The model developed by the EPA has been used to estimate the cancer fatality risk from radon in water for exposed populations served by community ground water supplies, and to provide a quantitative analysis of the uncertainty associated with the calculations (EPA, 1995). This research is a continuation of the study conducted by the EPA. In this project, a Monte Carlo computer model will be developed to evaluate the risk associated with exposure to volatile compounds in drinking water. The model will be based on a computer program (developed previously by the EPA) for estimating the risks associated with exposure to radon in drinking water. The model will be re-implemented in the form of a computer program written in C. The analysis for radon will be extended to include the entire range of contaminants found in drinking water supplies. The initial focus of the project has been on extending the analysis to cover the ingestion exposure pathway for volatile compounds, but ultimately the risk via ingestion and dermal sorption will also be evaluated. The integrated model can estimate the risks associated with various levels of contaminants in drinking water and should prove valuable in establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for the entire range of contaminants found in water supplies and generated in water treatment and distribution systems.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sankaran, Karpagam"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","degree_department":"Civil and Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Little, John C."],"committee_members":["Wolfe, Mary Leigh","Ye, Keying","Lentner, Marvin M.","Edwards, Marc A.","Gallagher, Daniel L.","Perumpral, John V."],"year":1998,"date_issued":"1998-09-05","date_published":"1998-09-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:46Z","subjects":["Radon","VOCs","Exposure","Uncertainty"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-92398-135228"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-92398-135228","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46518","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Little, John C."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Wolfe, Mary Leigh","Ye, Keying","Lentner, Marvin M.","Edwards, Marc A.","Gallagher, Daniel L.","Perumpral, John V."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sankaran, Karpagam"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:52:59Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:52:59Z","1999-10-23"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1998-09-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Radon","VOCs","Exposure","Uncertainty"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-92398-135228"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46518"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The EPA recently completed a major study to evaluate exposure and risk associated with a primary contaminant, radon and its progeny in drinking water (EPA, 1995). This work resulted in the development of a Monte Carlo Simulation model written in the programming language C. The model developed by the EPA has been used to estimate the cancer fatality risk from radon in water for exposed populations served by community ground water supplies, and to provide a quantitative analysis of the uncertainty associated with the calculations (EPA, 1995). This research is a continuation of the study conducted by the EPA. In this project, a Monte Carlo computer model will be developed to evaluate the risk associated with exposure to volatile compounds in drinking water. The model will be based on a computer program (developed previously by the EPA) for estimating the risks associated with exposure to radon in drinking water. The model will be re-implemented in the form of a computer program written in C. The analysis for radon will be extended to include the entire range of contaminants found in drinking water supplies. The initial focus of the project has been on extending the analysis to cover the ingestion exposure pathway for volatile compounds, but ultimately the risk via ingestion and dermal sorption will also be evaluated. The integrated model can estimate the risks associated with various levels of contaminants in drinking water and should prove valuable in establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for the entire range of contaminants found in water supplies and generated in water treatment and distribution systems."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Estimating Exposure and Uncertainty for Volatile Contaminants in Drinking Water"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Little, John C."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Wolfe, Mary Leigh","Ye, Keying","Lentner, Marvin M.","Edwards, Marc A.","Gallagher, Daniel L.","Perumpral, John V."],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Sankaran, Karpagam"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:52:59Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:52:59Z","1999-10-23"],"dc:date.issued":["1998-09-05"],"dc:description.abstract":["The EPA recently completed a major study to evaluate exposure and risk associated with a primary contaminant, radon and its progeny in drinking water (EPA, 1995). This work resulted in the development of a Monte Carlo Simulation model written in the programming language C. The model developed by the EPA has been used to estimate the cancer fatality risk from radon in water for exposed populations served by community ground water supplies, and to provide a quantitative analysis of the uncertainty associated with the calculations (EPA, 1995). This research is a continuation of the study conducted by the EPA. In this project, a Monte Carlo computer model will be developed to evaluate the risk associated with exposure to volatile compounds in drinking water. The model will be based on a computer program (developed previously by the EPA) for estimating the risks associated with exposure to radon in drinking water. The model will be re-implemented in the form of a computer program written in C. The analysis for radon will be extended to include the entire range of contaminants found in drinking water supplies. The initial focus of the project has been on extending the analysis to cover the ingestion exposure pathway for volatile compounds, but ultimately the risk via ingestion and dermal sorption will also be evaluated. The integrated model can estimate the risks associated with various levels of contaminants in drinking water and should prove valuable in establishing Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs) for the entire range of contaminants found in water supplies and generated in water treatment and distribution systems."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-92398-135228"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46518"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Radon","VOCs","Exposure","Uncertainty"],"dc:title":["Estimating Exposure and Uncertainty for Volatile Contaminants in Drinking Water"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil and Environmental Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:46Z"}