Effects of lead ingestion on the immune function in quail

Wild birds can be exposed to high concentrations of lead caused by spent lead shot and industrial waste. The immunosuppressive effects of lead have been demonstrated in laboratory mammals, but little research has been conducted in birds. Because immunocompetence is important for survival, the effects of acute lead exposure on immune function in 2 quail species, Japanese quail (Cotumix coturllix) and northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus), were investigated. In preliminary experiments, intubation with lead shot produced inconsistent doses within treatment groups. Both quail species exhibited poor antibody responses after immunization with sheep erythrocytes. In a third experiment, male Japanese quail were dosed with 100 or 400 ppm lead in drinking water for 7 days. Quail were fed either laying mash or com. Some quail were treated with corticosterone as a positive control Lead enhanced the loss of body mass caused by com. Lead-induced mortality was observed only in quail fed com. There was marginal evidence that lead increased the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio in quail fed com. Com decreased the cell-mediated immune response to an intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin. Corticosterone suppressed cell-mediated immunity more than lead. The primary total antibody response to chukar (Alectoris graeca chukar) erythrocytes was significantly suppressed in lead-dosed quail fed com. Lead also reduced the secondary total antibody and IgG responses in the low lead/com group. The most pronounced effect of lead on immune function was a suppression of antibody responses in groups that exhibited clinical lead poisoning.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master of Science

Level thesis:degree_level

masters

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Wildlife Sciences

Department dc:contributor.department

Wildlife Sciences

Grantor dc:publisher

Virginia Tech

Year dc:date.issued

1992

Author dc:creator

• Grasman, Keith A.

Chair dc:contributor.committeechair

• Scanlon, Patrick F.

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Elgert, Klaus D.
• Kirkpatrick, Roy L.
• Vaughan, Michael R.

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Language dc:language.iso

en

Dc Identifier Other

etd-12232009-020526

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/46402