{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45821"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45821","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"An investigation of the oxidative potential of potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide during the oxidation of reduced manganese","abstract":"This project determined the thermodynamic potentials for various reactions between reduced manganese (Mn²), manganese oxide (MnO₂(s)), chlorine dioxide (Cl0₂), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). Based on these findings, laboratory analyses were performed to determine if these reactions would occur under simulated water treatment plant conditions. In addition, a speciation procedure was developed to quantify the various species of manganese and chlorine dioxide present in a single sample. The reactions and the speciation procedure were evaluated at TOC concentrations ranging from < 1.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L and at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The speciation procedure yielded a reliable measure of Mn², insoluble manganese, and Mn⁺⁷; however, the Mn⁺⁷ evaluation could be disrupted by the presence of free chlorine. The determination of Cl0₂ and Cl0₂- concentrations was also possible; however, the C10₂- concentration was subject to error. The laboratory analyses revealed that Cl0₂ was unable to oxidize either Mn² or MnO₂(s) to Mn⁺⁷ under any of the thermodynamically favored conditions. Both KMn0₄ and Cl0₂ selectively oxidized reduced organic material before reducing the concentration of Mn². When C10₂ and KMnO₄ were added simultaneously, the ClO2 reacted preferentially with the reduced materials. Only after the Cl0₂ concentration was exhausted did the MnO₂⁻ begin to oxidize the reduced species.","abstract_html":"This project determined the thermodynamic potentials for various reactions between reduced manganese (Mn²), manganese oxide (MnO₂(s)), chlorine dioxide (Cl0₂), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). Based on these findings, laboratory analyses were performed to determine if these reactions would occur under simulated water treatment plant conditions. In addition, a speciation procedure was developed to quantify the various species of manganese and chlorine dioxide present in a single sample. The reactions and the speciation procedure were evaluated at TOC concentrations ranging from &lt; 1.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L and at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The speciation procedure yielded a reliable measure of Mn², insoluble manganese, and Mn⁺⁷; however, the Mn⁺⁷ evaluation could be disrupted by the presence of free chlorine. The determination of Cl0₂ and Cl0₂- concentrations was also possible; however, the C10₂- concentration was subject to error. The laboratory analyses revealed that Cl0₂ was unable to oxidize either Mn² or MnO₂(s) to Mn⁺⁷ under any of the thermodynamically favored conditions. Both KMn0₄ and Cl0₂ selectively oxidized reduced organic material before reducing the concentration of Mn². When C10₂ and KMnO₄ were added simultaneously, the ClO2 reacted preferentially with the reduced materials. Only after the Cl0₂ concentration was exhausted did the MnO₂⁻ begin to oxidize the reduced species.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hair, David Hayne"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Environmental Planning","degree_department":"Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Knocke, William R."],"committee_members":["Hoehn, Robert C.","Novak, John T."],"year":1987,"date_issued":"1987-08-14","date_published":"1987-08-14","updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:56:01Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-11172012-040348"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-11172012-040348","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45821","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Knocke, William R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Hoehn, Robert C.","Novak, John T."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hair, David Hayne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:50:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:50:00Z","2012-11-17"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1987-08-14"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Planning"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-11172012-040348"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45821"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This project determined the thermodynamic potentials for various reactions between reduced manganese (Mn²), manganese oxide (MnO₂(s)), chlorine dioxide (Cl0₂), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). Based on these findings, laboratory analyses were performed to determine if these reactions would occur under simulated water treatment plant conditions. In addition, a speciation procedure was developed to quantify the various species of manganese and chlorine dioxide present in a single sample. The reactions and the speciation procedure were evaluated at TOC concentrations ranging from < 1.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L and at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The speciation procedure yielded a reliable measure of Mn², insoluble manganese, and Mn⁺⁷; however, the Mn⁺⁷ evaluation could be disrupted by the presence of free chlorine. The determination of Cl0₂ and Cl0₂- concentrations was also possible; however, the C10₂- concentration was subject to error. The laboratory analyses revealed that Cl0₂ was unable to oxidize either Mn² or MnO₂(s) to Mn⁺⁷ under any of the thermodynamically favored conditions. Both KMn0₄ and Cl0₂ selectively oxidized reduced organic material before reducing the concentration of Mn². When C10₂ and KMnO₄ were added simultaneously, the ClO2 reacted preferentially with the reduced materials. Only after the Cl0₂ concentration was exhausted did the MnO₂⁻ begin to oxidize the reduced species."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["An investigation of the oxidative potential of potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide during the oxidation of reduced manganese"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Knocke, William R."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Hoehn, Robert C.","Novak, John T."],"dc:contributor.department":["Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Hair, David Hayne"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:50:00Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:50:00Z","2012-11-17"],"dc:date.issued":["1987-08-14"],"dc:description.abstract":["This project determined the thermodynamic potentials for various reactions between reduced manganese (Mn²), manganese oxide (MnO₂(s)), chlorine dioxide (Cl0₂), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄). Based on these findings, laboratory analyses were performed to determine if these reactions would occur under simulated water treatment plant conditions. In addition, a speciation procedure was developed to quantify the various species of manganese and chlorine dioxide present in a single sample. The reactions and the speciation procedure were evaluated at TOC concentrations ranging from < 1.0 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L and at pH 6.0 and 8.0. The speciation procedure yielded a reliable measure of Mn², insoluble manganese, and Mn⁺⁷; however, the Mn⁺⁷ evaluation could be disrupted by the presence of free chlorine. The determination of Cl0₂ and Cl0₂- concentrations was also possible; however, the C10₂- concentration was subject to error. The laboratory analyses revealed that Cl0₂ was unable to oxidize either Mn² or MnO₂(s) to Mn⁺⁷ under any of the thermodynamically favored conditions. Both KMn0₄ and Cl0₂ selectively oxidized reduced organic material before reducing the concentration of Mn². When C10₂ and KMnO₄ were added simultaneously, the ClO2 reacted preferentially with the reduced materials. Only after the Cl0₂ concentration was exhausted did the MnO₂⁻ begin to oxidize the reduced species."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-11172012-040348"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45821"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["An investigation of the oxidative potential of potassium permanganate and chlorine dioxide during the oxidation of reduced manganese"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Planning"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T05:56:01Z"}