{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45592"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45592","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Political crime: an application of Merton's theory of social structure and anomie","abstract":"Political crime receives little attention by criminologists relative to other forms of crime. What attention that has been given is hindered by lack of theoretical explanations to guide the research efforts, such as atheoretical descriptive accounts or typologies of political criminality. In this thesis, I apply Merton's theory of social structure and anomie to two CIA case studies: MKUltra (1950-1973) mind control/behavior modification experiments, and MHChaos (late 1950s-1974) a domestic counterintelligence program. Anomie theory focuses on the disjuncture between cultural goals and institutional means to achieve end results. I argue that political crimes result when governmental agencies cannot reach their goals using legitimate means. Thus, they find illegitimate means, i.e. unlawful behavior, to obtain their goals. Specifically, the analysis of this thesis examines: (1) how the CIA defined their goals; (2) how the CIA justified the use of their innovative means to achieve the ends; (3) how the structural charter of the CIA facilitated the use of illegitimate means; and (4) how the CIA was able to temporarily dissolve the societal disjuncture of anomie.","abstract_html":"Political crime receives little attention by criminologists relative to other forms of crime. What attention that has been given is hindered by lack of theoretical explanations to guide the research efforts, such as atheoretical descriptive accounts or typologies of political criminality. In this thesis, I apply Merton's theory of social structure and anomie to two CIA case studies: MKUltra (1950-1973) mind control/behavior modification experiments, and MHChaos (late 1950s-1974) a domestic counterintelligence program. Anomie theory focuses on the disjuncture between cultural goals and institutional means to achieve end results. I argue that political crimes result when governmental agencies cannot reach their goals using legitimate means. Thus, they find illegitimate means, i.e. unlawful behavior, to obtain their goals. Specifically, the analysis of this thesis examines: (1) how the CIA defined their goals; (2) how the CIA justified the use of their innovative means to achieve the ends; (3) how the structural charter of the CIA facilitated the use of illegitimate means; and (4) how the CIA was able to temporarily dissolve the societal disjuncture of anomie.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Alexander, Deanna W."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Sociology","degree_department":"Sociology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Bailey, Carol A."],"committee_members":["Fuhrman, Ellsworth R.","Miethe, Terance D."],"year":1992,"date_issued":"1992-05-11","date_published":"1992-05-11","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:56Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-11102009-020037"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-11102009-020037","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45592","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Bailey, Carol A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Fuhrman, Ellsworth R.","Miethe, Terance D."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Sociology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Alexander, Deanna W."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:49:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:49:22Z","2009-11-10"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1992-05-11"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Sociology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-11102009-020037"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45592"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Political crime receives little attention by criminologists relative to other forms of crime. What attention that has been given is hindered by lack of theoretical explanations to guide the research efforts, such as atheoretical descriptive accounts or typologies of political criminality. In this thesis, I apply Merton's theory of social structure and anomie to two CIA case studies: MKUltra (1950-1973) mind control/behavior modification experiments, and MHChaos (late 1950s-1974) a domestic counterintelligence program. Anomie theory focuses on the disjuncture between cultural goals and institutional means to achieve end results. I argue that political crimes result when governmental agencies cannot reach their goals using legitimate means. Thus, they find illegitimate means, i.e. unlawful behavior, to obtain their goals. Specifically, the analysis of this thesis examines: (1) how the CIA defined their goals; (2) how the CIA justified the use of their innovative means to achieve the ends; (3) how the structural charter of the CIA facilitated the use of illegitimate means; and (4) how the CIA was able to temporarily dissolve the societal disjuncture of anomie."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Political crime: an application of Merton's theory of social structure and anomie"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Bailey, Carol A."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Fuhrman, Ellsworth R.","Miethe, Terance D."],"dc:contributor.department":["Sociology"],"dc:creator":["Alexander, Deanna W."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:49:22Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:49:22Z","2009-11-10"],"dc:date.issued":["1992-05-11"],"dc:description.abstract":["Political crime receives little attention by criminologists relative to other forms of crime. What attention that has been given is hindered by lack of theoretical explanations to guide the research efforts, such as atheoretical descriptive accounts or typologies of political criminality. In this thesis, I apply Merton's theory of social structure and anomie to two CIA case studies: MKUltra (1950-1973) mind control/behavior modification experiments, and MHChaos (late 1950s-1974) a domestic counterintelligence program. Anomie theory focuses on the disjuncture between cultural goals and institutional means to achieve end results. I argue that political crimes result when governmental agencies cannot reach their goals using legitimate means. Thus, they find illegitimate means, i.e. unlawful behavior, to obtain their goals. Specifically, the analysis of this thesis examines: (1) how the CIA defined their goals; (2) how the CIA justified the use of their innovative means to achieve the ends; (3) how the structural charter of the CIA facilitated the use of illegitimate means; and (4) how the CIA was able to temporarily dissolve the societal disjuncture of anomie."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-11102009-020037"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45592"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Political crime: an application of Merton's theory of social structure and anomie"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Sociology"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:56Z"}