{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45377"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/45377","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Wastewater renovation with soil depth as influenced by additional treatment of septic tank effluent","abstract":"Many soils are marginally suited for installation of on-site wastewater disposal systems. With soil limitations, additional wastewater treatment prior to soil application may allow for a reduction in soil depth. Undisturbed 20-cm-diameter soil columns (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult), in a factorial arrangement between depth of soil (15, 30, and 45 cm) and type of effluent (septic tank, constructed wetlands, and recirculating sand filter), were used in this study. Effluent (670 cm³/d) was applied 6 times daily. Additional treatment of septic tank effluent by a constructed wetland and a recirculating sand filter resulted in 30 and 70% higher average soil infiltration rates, 92 and 96% reduction in fecal coliforms, 34 and 44% reduction in total nitrogen, and a 60 and 94% reduction in BOD₅, respectively. Fecal coliforms were present only in soil leachate from the 15 and 30 cm soil depths receiving septic tank effluent and the 15 cm depth that received constructed wetland effluent. Average soil leachate NO₃⁻-N concentrations were 19, 10 and 14 mg/L from soil columns receiving septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter effluents, respectively. Soil leachate contained <5 mg/L TKN and 1.8 mg/L NH4⁺-N. Total nitrogen losses were 55, 73, and 66 for the septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter treatments, respectively. BOD₅ averaged less than 4 mg/L in the soil column leachate, despite a 10 fold difference among influent types. In comparing the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons, average plant tissue dry weight, percent nitrogen, and percent phosphorus were greater during the 1994 growing season. The results from this study indicate that additional treatment of septic tank effluent can be substituted for soil depth.","abstract_html":"Many soils are marginally suited for installation of on-site wastewater disposal systems. With soil limitations, additional wastewater treatment prior to soil application may allow for a reduction in soil depth. Undisturbed 20-cm-diameter soil columns (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult), in a factorial arrangement between depth of soil (15, 30, and 45 cm) and type of effluent (septic tank, constructed wetlands, and recirculating sand filter), were used in this study. Effluent (670 cm³/d) was applied 6 times daily. Additional treatment of septic tank effluent by a constructed wetland and a recirculating sand filter resulted in 30 and 70% higher average soil infiltration rates, 92 and 96% reduction in fecal coliforms, 34 and 44% reduction in total nitrogen, and a 60 and 94% reduction in BOD₅, respectively. Fecal coliforms were present only in soil leachate from the 15 and 30 cm soil depths receiving septic tank effluent and the 15 cm depth that received constructed wetland effluent. Average soil leachate NO₃⁻-N concentrations were 19, 10 and 14 mg/L from soil columns receiving septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter effluents, respectively. Soil leachate contained &lt;5 mg/L TKN and 1.8 mg/L NH4⁺-N. Total nitrogen losses were 55, 73, and 66 for the septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter treatments, respectively. BOD₅ averaged less than 4 mg/L in the soil column leachate, despite a 10 fold difference among influent types. In comparing the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons, average plant tissue dry weight, percent nitrogen, and percent phosphorus were greater during the 1994 growing season. The results from this study indicate that additional treatment of septic tank effluent can be substituted for soil depth.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Duncan, Carla S."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Environmental Planning","degree_department":"Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Knocke, William R.","Reneau, Raymond B. Jr."],"committee_members":["Novak, John T.","Hagedorn, Charles III"],"year":1994,"date_issued":"1994-07-15","date_published":"1994-07-15","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:19Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-10312009-020406"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-10312009-020406","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45377","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Knocke, William R.","Reneau, Raymond B. Jr."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Novak, John T.","Hagedorn, Charles III"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Duncan, Carla S."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:48:34Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:48:34Z","2009-10-31"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1994-07-15"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Planning"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-10312009-020406"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45377"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Many soils are marginally suited for installation of on-site wastewater disposal systems. With soil limitations, additional wastewater treatment prior to soil application may allow for a reduction in soil depth. Undisturbed 20-cm-diameter soil columns (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult), in a factorial arrangement between depth of soil (15, 30, and 45 cm) and type of effluent (septic tank, constructed wetlands, and recirculating sand filter), were used in this study. Effluent (670 cm³/d) was applied 6 times daily. Additional treatment of septic tank effluent by a constructed wetland and a recirculating sand filter resulted in 30 and 70% higher average soil infiltration rates, 92 and 96% reduction in fecal coliforms, 34 and 44% reduction in total nitrogen, and a 60 and 94% reduction in BOD₅, respectively. Fecal coliforms were present only in soil leachate from the 15 and 30 cm soil depths receiving septic tank effluent and the 15 cm depth that received constructed wetland effluent. Average soil leachate NO₃⁻-N concentrations were 19, 10 and 14 mg/L from soil columns receiving septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter effluents, respectively. Soil leachate contained <5 mg/L TKN and 1.8 mg/L NH4⁺-N. Total nitrogen losses were 55, 73, and 66 for the septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter treatments, respectively. BOD₅ averaged less than 4 mg/L in the soil column leachate, despite a 10 fold difference among influent types. In comparing the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons, average plant tissue dry weight, percent nitrogen, and percent phosphorus were greater during the 1994 growing season. The results from this study indicate that additional treatment of septic tank effluent can be substituted for soil depth."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Wastewater renovation with soil depth as influenced by additional treatment of septic tank effluent"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Knocke, William R.","Reneau, Raymond B. Jr."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Novak, John T.","Hagedorn, Charles III"],"dc:contributor.department":["Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Duncan, Carla S."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:48:34Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:48:34Z","2009-10-31"],"dc:date.issued":["1994-07-15"],"dc:description.abstract":["Many soils are marginally suited for installation of on-site wastewater disposal systems. With soil limitations, additional wastewater treatment prior to soil application may allow for a reduction in soil depth. Undisturbed 20-cm-diameter soil columns (fine loamy, mixed, mesic Typic Hapludult), in a factorial arrangement between depth of soil (15, 30, and 45 cm) and type of effluent (septic tank, constructed wetlands, and recirculating sand filter), were used in this study. Effluent (670 cm³/d) was applied 6 times daily. Additional treatment of septic tank effluent by a constructed wetland and a recirculating sand filter resulted in 30 and 70% higher average soil infiltration rates, 92 and 96% reduction in fecal coliforms, 34 and 44% reduction in total nitrogen, and a 60 and 94% reduction in BOD₅, respectively. Fecal coliforms were present only in soil leachate from the 15 and 30 cm soil depths receiving septic tank effluent and the 15 cm depth that received constructed wetland effluent. Average soil leachate NO₃⁻-N concentrations were 19, 10 and 14 mg/L from soil columns receiving septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter effluents, respectively. Soil leachate contained <5 mg/L TKN and 1.8 mg/L NH4⁺-N. Total nitrogen losses were 55, 73, and 66 for the septic tank, constructed wetland, and recirculating sand filter treatments, respectively. BOD₅ averaged less than 4 mg/L in the soil column leachate, despite a 10 fold difference among influent types. In comparing the 1993 and 1994 growing seasons, average plant tissue dry weight, percent nitrogen, and percent phosphorus were greater during the 1994 growing season. The results from this study indicate that additional treatment of septic tank effluent can be substituted for soil depth."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-10312009-020406"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45377"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Wastewater renovation with soil depth as influenced by additional treatment of septic tank effluent"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Planning"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:19Z"}