{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/44860"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/44860","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"LC - ¹³C NMR utilizing dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) for signal enhancement","abstract":"The primary difficulty for successful LC - ¹³C NMR (whether ¹H or ¹³C) is overcoming the relatively low sensitivity of NHR as a chromatographic detector. For the ¹H nuclide this is much less of a problem; the sensitivity ;s approximately 6000 times more sensitive than that of ¹³C nuclei. For this reason, much of the literature focuses on LC - ¹H NMR. To ever successfully realize LC - ¹³C NMR, it is mandatory that an augmentation of ¹³C signal intensity must be effectuated to overcome this sensitivity deficit (~ three orders of magnitude). To satisfy this requirement, our laboratory has utilized dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to ameliorate these otherwise weak or non-existent signals. For favorable molecules, sensitivity recoveries of up to two orders of magnitude have been developed. This improvement (relative to 'H) narrows the sensitivity gap between 'H and ¹³C NMR detection of chromatographically separated analytes. Despite the fact that relatively large injection volumes were required in most LC experiments, the wealth of structural information inherent to ¹³C NMR justifies any attempt to successfully couple nuclear magnetic resonance to liquid chromatography. In addition, DNP was utilized in a series of SLIT and LLIT experiments where a test mixture was recycled through a NMR spectrometer. Results indicate that ¹³C spectra were obtained with a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio in a shorter amount of analysis time relative to experiments where DNP was not employed for signal enhancement.","abstract_html":"The primary difficulty for successful LC - ¹³C NMR (whether ¹H or ¹³C) is overcoming the relatively low sensitivity of NHR as a chromatographic detector. For the ¹H nuclide this is much less of a problem; the sensitivity ;s approximately 6000 times more sensitive than that of ¹³C nuclei. For this reason, much of the literature focuses on LC - ¹H NMR. To ever successfully realize LC - ¹³C NMR, it is mandatory that an augmentation of ¹³C signal intensity must be effectuated to overcome this sensitivity deficit (~ three orders of magnitude). To satisfy this requirement, our laboratory has utilized dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to ameliorate these otherwise weak or non-existent signals. For favorable molecules, sensitivity recoveries of up to two orders of magnitude have been developed. This improvement (relative to 'H) narrows the sensitivity gap between 'H and ¹³C NMR detection of chromatographically separated analytes. Despite the fact that relatively large injection volumes were required in most LC experiments, the wealth of structural information inherent to ¹³C NMR justifies any attempt to successfully couple nuclear magnetic resonance to liquid chromatography. In addition, DNP was utilized in a series of SLIT and LLIT experiments where a test mixture was recycled through a NMR spectrometer. Results indicate that ¹³C spectra were obtained with a significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio in a shorter amount of analysis time relative to experiments where DNP was not employed for signal enhancement.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Stevenson, Steven A."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Analytical Chemistry","degree_department":"Analytical Chemistry","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Dorn, Harry C."],"committee_members":["Anderson, Mark R.","Taylor, Larry T."],"year":1992,"date_issued":"1992-06-05","date_published":"1992-06-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:41Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-09192009-040407"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-09192009-040407","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44860","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Dorn, Harry C."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Anderson, Mark R.","Taylor, Larry T."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Analytical Chemistry"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Stevenson, Steven A."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:46:12Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:46:12Z","2009-09-19"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1992-06-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Analytical Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-09192009-040407"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44860"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The primary difficulty for successful LC - ¹³C NMR (whether ¹H or ¹³C) is overcoming the relatively low sensitivity of NHR as a chromatographic detector. For the ¹H nuclide this is much less of a problem; the sensitivity ;s approximately 6000 times more sensitive than that of ¹³C nuclei. For this reason, much of the literature focuses on LC - ¹H NMR. To ever successfully realize LC - ¹³C NMR, it is mandatory that an augmentation of ¹³C signal intensity must be effectuated to overcome this sensitivity deficit (~ three orders of magnitude). To satisfy this requirement, our laboratory has utilized dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) to ameliorate these otherwise weak or non-existent signals. For favorable molecules, sensitivity recoveries of up to two orders of magnitude have been developed. This improvement (relative to 'H) narrows the sensitivity gap between 'H and ¹³C NMR detection of chromatographically separated analytes. Despite the fact that relatively large injection volumes were required in most LC experiments, the wealth of structural information inherent to ¹³C NMR justifies any attempt to successfully couple nuclear magnetic resonance to liquid chromatography. In addition, DNP was utilized in a series of SLIT and LLIT experiments where a test mixture was recycled through a NMR spectrometer. 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