{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42543"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42543","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock): host preference, and distribution of native and imported natural enemies in Virginia","abstract":"Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine which of six Euonymus species and cultivars would sustain the highest populations of Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), as a food source for Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri). Analysis of data collected from field-grown plants and container-grown plants indicates that Euonymus japonicus (Thunb.) 'Albo-marginatus' would sustain the highest populations of U. euonymi. In 1992 and 1993, surveys were conducted to determine the presence of existing natural enemies in Virginia as well as to determine the establishment of the imported predator, Chilocarus kuwanae. In 1992, C. kuwanae and parasites from the genera Aspidiatiphagus and Encarsia was found at several locations in Virginia Beach. In 1993, C. kuvanae was recovered in seven of the twelve Virginia counties surveyed. Either Aspidiotiphagus or Encarsia were found in nine of the twelve counties. A single specimen of Cybocephalus sp. was recovered from a sample taken in Fredericksburg.","abstract_html":"Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine which of six Euonymus species and cultivars would sustain the highest populations of Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), as a food source for Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri). Analysis of data collected from field-grown plants and container-grown plants indicates that Euonymus japonicus (Thunb.) 'Albo-marginatus' would sustain the highest populations of U. euonymi. In 1992 and 1993, surveys were conducted to determine the presence of existing natural enemies in Virginia as well as to determine the establishment of the imported predator, Chilocarus kuwanae. In 1992, C. kuwanae and parasites from the genera Aspidiatiphagus and Encarsia was found at several locations in Virginia Beach. In 1993, C. kuvanae was recovered in seven of the twelve Virginia counties surveyed. Either Aspidiotiphagus or Encarsia were found in nine of the twelve counties. A single specimen of Cybocephalus sp. was recovered from a sample taken in Fredericksburg.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Jefferson, David Kirk"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Entomology","degree_department":"Entomology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Schultz, Peter B."],"committee_members":["Pfeiffer, Douglas G.","Kosztarab, Michael"],"year":1994,"date_issued":"1994-04-05","date_published":"1994-04-05","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:43Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05092009-040452"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-05092009-040452","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42543","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Schultz, Peter B."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Pfeiffer, Douglas G.","Kosztarab, Michael"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Entomology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Jefferson, David Kirk"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:35:46Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:35:46Z","2009-05-09"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1994-04-05"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Entomology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05092009-040452"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42543"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine which of six Euonymus species and cultivars would sustain the highest populations of Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), as a food source for Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri). Analysis of data collected from field-grown plants and container-grown plants indicates that Euonymus japonicus (Thunb.) 'Albo-marginatus' would sustain the highest populations of U. euonymi. In 1992 and 1993, surveys were conducted to determine the presence of existing natural enemies in Virginia as well as to determine the establishment of the imported predator, Chilocarus kuwanae. In 1992, C. kuwanae and parasites from the genera Aspidiatiphagus and Encarsia was found at several locations in Virginia Beach. In 1993, C. kuvanae was recovered in seven of the twelve Virginia counties surveyed. Either Aspidiotiphagus or Encarsia were found in nine of the twelve counties. A single specimen of Cybocephalus sp. was recovered from a sample taken in Fredericksburg."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Euonymus scale, Unaspis euonymi (Comstock): host preference, and distribution of native and imported natural enemies in Virginia"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Schultz, Peter B."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Pfeiffer, Douglas G.","Kosztarab, Michael"],"dc:contributor.department":["Entomology"],"dc:creator":["Jefferson, David Kirk"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:35:46Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:35:46Z","2009-05-09"],"dc:date.issued":["1994-04-05"],"dc:description.abstract":["Studies were conducted in 1992 and 1993 to determine which of six Euonymus species and cultivars would sustain the highest populations of Unaspis euonymi (Comstock), as a food source for Chilocorus kuwanae (Silvestri). 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