{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42486"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42486","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Verbal protocol and eye movements for expert and novice photograph judges","abstract":"Eye movements are thought to be representative of an observer's attention. Researchers have used eye movements to gain insight to the mental processes of observers while they view pictorial stimuli. The present research was conducted to determine if subjective reports of attention are representative of eye movements, and if there are differences in the subjective reports between novice picture-takers and expert judges. Two studies were performed to answer these questions. The Image Evaluation study employed 24 subjects to examine 20 soft-copy photographic images. The 24 subjects were divided into four nested combinations: Protocol and Group. Two types of protocol were used, concurrent and retrospective, and two expertise groups were used, novice picture-takers and expert judges. The subjects viewed and rated the quality of each image. Subjective reports of attention were then collected by using a mouse to click on the features that influenced the quality rating. The second study, the Eye Tracker study, used six subjects, all novices, to examine and rate each image while eye movements were recorded, after which their subjective reports of attention were collected. Measures of time, frequency, location, and the quality rating were collected for each subject on all images. These measures were then subjected to parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. The two groups, expert and novice, displayed a difference only when rating the quality of the image. The two protocols were not statistically different for any dependent measure, although for this task a retrospective protocol is recommended. The subjective reports of attention did not represent the eye movements. Questions concerning the method employed to collect the reports are addressed.","abstract_html":"Eye movements are thought to be representative of an observer's attention. Researchers have used eye movements to gain insight to the mental processes of observers while they view pictorial stimuli. The present research was conducted to determine if subjective reports of attention are representative of eye movements, and if there are differences in the subjective reports between novice picture-takers and expert judges. Two studies were performed to answer these questions. The Image Evaluation study employed 24 subjects to examine 20 soft-copy photographic images. The 24 subjects were divided into four nested combinations: Protocol and Group. Two types of protocol were used, concurrent and retrospective, and two expertise groups were used, novice picture-takers and expert judges. The subjects viewed and rated the quality of each image. Subjective reports of attention were then collected by using a mouse to click on the features that influenced the quality rating. The second study, the Eye Tracker study, used six subjects, all novices, to examine and rate each image while eye movements were recorded, after which their subjective reports of attention were collected. Measures of time, frequency, location, and the quality rating were collected for each subject on all images. These measures were then subjected to parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. The two groups, expert and novice, displayed a difference only when rating the quality of the image. The two protocols were not statistically different for any dependent measure, although for this task a retrospective protocol is recommended. The subjective reports of attention did not represent the eye movements. Questions concerning the method employed to collect the reports are addressed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Brunetti, Tina Marie"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Industrial and Systems Engineering","degree_department":"Industrial and Systems Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Snyder, Harry L."],"committee_members":["Beaton, Robert J.","Weiman, Novia"],"year":1994,"date_issued":"1994-04-07","date_published":"1994-04-07","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:18Z","subjects":["perception","photography"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05042010-020313"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-05042010-020313","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42486","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Snyder, Harry L."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Beaton, Robert J.","Weiman, Novia"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Industrial and Systems Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Brunetti, Tina Marie"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:35:36Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:35:36Z","2010-05-04"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1994-04-07"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Industrial and Systems Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["perception","photography"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05042010-020313"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42486"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Eye movements are thought to be representative of an observer's attention. Researchers have used eye movements to gain insight to the mental processes of observers while they view pictorial stimuli. The present research was conducted to determine if subjective reports of attention are representative of eye movements, and if there are differences in the subjective reports between novice picture-takers and expert judges. Two studies were performed to answer these questions. The Image Evaluation study employed 24 subjects to examine 20 soft-copy photographic images. The 24 subjects were divided into four nested combinations: Protocol and Group. Two types of protocol were used, concurrent and retrospective, and two expertise groups were used, novice picture-takers and expert judges. The subjects viewed and rated the quality of each image. Subjective reports of attention were then collected by using a mouse to click on the features that influenced the quality rating. The second study, the Eye Tracker study, used six subjects, all novices, to examine and rate each image while eye movements were recorded, after which their subjective reports of attention were collected. Measures of time, frequency, location, and the quality rating were collected for each subject on all images. These measures were then subjected to parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. The two groups, expert and novice, displayed a difference only when rating the quality of the image. The two protocols were not statistically different for any dependent measure, although for this task a retrospective protocol is recommended. The subjective reports of attention did not represent the eye movements. Questions concerning the method employed to collect the reports are addressed."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Verbal protocol and eye movements for expert and novice photograph judges"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Snyder, Harry L."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Beaton, Robert J.","Weiman, Novia"],"dc:contributor.department":["Industrial and Systems Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Brunetti, Tina Marie"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:35:36Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:35:36Z","2010-05-04"],"dc:date.issued":["1994-04-07"],"dc:description.abstract":["Eye movements are thought to be representative of an observer's attention. 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The second study, the Eye Tracker study, used six subjects, all novices, to examine and rate each image while eye movements were recorded, after which their subjective reports of attention were collected. Measures of time, frequency, location, and the quality rating were collected for each subject on all images. These measures were then subjected to parametric and nonparametric statistical tests. The two groups, expert and novice, displayed a difference only when rating the quality of the image. The two protocols were not statistically different for any dependent measure, although for this task a retrospective protocol is recommended. The subjective reports of attention did not represent the eye movements. 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