{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42242"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42242","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Surface water flow resistance due to emergent wetland vegetation","abstract":"The key to a successful wetland design is duplicating the hydroperiod of the desired wetland type. Dense wetland vegetation affects surface water flow rates by increasing flow resistance. Prior research represented the vegetation as individual stems; however, many wetland species grow in clumps. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of clumping vegetation on flow resistance and to develop a prediction equation for use in wetland design. A 6-m by 1-m by 0.4-m recirculating flume was planted with mature common rush, Juncus effusus, a common emergent wetland plant. Three different flow rates (3, 4, and 5 L/s) and three different tailgate heights (0, 2.5, and 5 cm) were used to simulate a variety of wetland conditions. Plant spacing and clump diameter were varied (20 and 25 cm, 8 and 12 cm, respectively). Friction factors ranged from 9 to 40 and decreased with increasing plant density. Non-dimensional parameters determined through Buckingham Pi analysis were used in a regression analysis to develop a prediction model. Results of the regression analysis showed that the fraction of vegetated occupied area (P) was most significant factor in determining friction factor.","abstract_html":"The key to a successful wetland design is duplicating the hydroperiod of the desired wetland type. Dense wetland vegetation affects surface water flow rates by increasing flow resistance. Prior research represented the vegetation as individual stems; however, many wetland species grow in clumps. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of clumping vegetation on flow resistance and to develop a prediction equation for use in wetland design. A 6-m by 1-m by 0.4-m recirculating flume was planted with mature common rush, Juncus effusus, a common emergent wetland plant. Three different flow rates (3, 4, and 5 L/s) and three different tailgate heights (0, 2.5, and 5 cm) were used to simulate a variety of wetland conditions. Plant spacing and clump diameter were varied (20 and 25 cm, 8 and 12 cm, respectively). Friction factors ranged from 9 to 40 and decreased with increasing plant density. Non-dimensional parameters determined through Buckingham Pi analysis were used in a regression analysis to develop a prediction model. Results of the regression analysis showed that the fraction of vegetated occupied area (P) was most significant factor in determining friction factor.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hall, Karen"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Biological Systems Engineering","degree_department":"Biological Systems Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Wynn-Thompson, Theresa"],"committee_members":["Easton, Zachary M.","Diplas, Panayiotis"],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-04-11","date_published":"2012-04-11","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:51Z","subjects":["wetland","friction factor","resistance","flow","vegetation"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04252012-092756"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-04252012-092756","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42242","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Wynn-Thompson, Theresa"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Easton, Zachary M.","Diplas, Panayiotis"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Biological Systems Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hall, Karen"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:34:33Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:34:33Z","2012-05-24"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2012-04-11"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biological Systems Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["wetland","friction factor","resistance","flow","vegetation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04252012-092756"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42242"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The key to a successful wetland design is duplicating the hydroperiod of the desired wetland type. Dense wetland vegetation affects surface water flow rates by increasing flow resistance. Prior research represented the vegetation as individual stems; however, many wetland species grow in clumps. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of clumping vegetation on flow resistance and to develop a prediction equation for use in wetland design. A 6-m by 1-m by 0.4-m recirculating flume was planted with mature common rush, Juncus effusus, a common emergent wetland plant. Three different flow rates (3, 4, and 5 L/s) and three different tailgate heights (0, 2.5, and 5 cm) were used to simulate a variety of wetland conditions. Plant spacing and clump diameter were varied (20 and 25 cm, 8 and 12 cm, respectively). Friction factors ranged from 9 to 40 and decreased with increasing plant density. Non-dimensional parameters determined through Buckingham Pi analysis were used in a regression analysis to develop a prediction model. Results of the regression analysis showed that the fraction of vegetated occupied area (P) was most significant factor in determining friction factor."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Surface water flow resistance due to emergent wetland vegetation"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Wynn-Thompson, Theresa"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Easton, Zachary M.","Diplas, Panayiotis"],"dc:contributor.department":["Biological Systems Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Hall, Karen"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:34:33Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:34:33Z","2012-05-24"],"dc:date.issued":["2012-04-11"],"dc:description.abstract":["The key to a successful wetland design is duplicating the hydroperiod of the desired wetland type. Dense wetland vegetation affects surface water flow rates by increasing flow resistance. Prior research represented the vegetation as individual stems; however, many wetland species grow in clumps. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of clumping vegetation on flow resistance and to develop a prediction equation for use in wetland design. A 6-m by 1-m by 0.4-m recirculating flume was planted with mature common rush, Juncus effusus, a common emergent wetland plant. Three different flow rates (3, 4, and 5 L/s) and three different tailgate heights (0, 2.5, and 5 cm) were used to simulate a variety of wetland conditions. Plant spacing and clump diameter were varied (20 and 25 cm, 8 and 12 cm, respectively). Friction factors ranged from 9 to 40 and decreased with increasing plant density. Non-dimensional parameters determined through Buckingham Pi analysis were used in a regression analysis to develop a prediction model. Results of the regression analysis showed that the fraction of vegetated occupied area (P) was most significant factor in determining friction factor."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-04252012-092756"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42242"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["wetland","friction factor","resistance","flow","vegetation"],"dc:title":["Surface water flow resistance due to emergent wetland vegetation"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biological Systems Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:51Z"}