{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/41954"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/41954","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The concentration of germanium in coal","abstract":"In this investigation, approximately 500 pounds of germaniferous coal was sampled and split into size and specific gravity fractions. The specific gravity fractions were analyzed for ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and germanium. Richer fractions of the coal were further treated by solvent extraction, and on the basis of these tests, extraction tests of varying times were conducted. In addition, a sample of the coal was tested by froth flotation and the effects of flotation on germanium concentration were noted. Size and specific gravity separations have given products that contain two to three times as much germanium as the feed. Solvent extraction with suitable solvents was able to give products that contained as high as 250 times the germanium content of the feed. Froth flotation produced concentrations of the germanium that were only one and a half times greater than obtained in feed. The greatest concentration made by burning the coal was 50 to 1 when comparing the germanium in the ash to the germanium in the sample.","abstract_html":"In this investigation, approximately 500 pounds of germaniferous coal was sampled and split into size and specific gravity fractions. The specific gravity fractions were analyzed for ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and germanium. Richer fractions of the coal were further treated by solvent extraction, and on the basis of these tests, extraction tests of varying times were conducted. In addition, a sample of the coal was tested by froth flotation and the effects of flotation on germanium concentration were noted. Size and specific gravity separations have given products that contain two to three times as much germanium as the feed. Solvent extraction with suitable solvents was able to give products that contained as high as 250 times the germanium content of the feed. Froth flotation produced concentrations of the germanium that were only one and a half times greater than obtained in feed. The greatest concentration made by burning the coal was 50 to 1 when comparing the germanium in the ash to the germanium in the sample.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schaaf, Herbert L."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Mining Engineering","degree_department":"Mining Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1955,"date_issued":"1955","date_published":"1955","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:52Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04072010-020029"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-04072010-020029","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41954","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Mining Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Schaaf, Herbert L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:33:09Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:33:09Z","2010-04-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1955"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mining Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04072010-020029"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41954"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this investigation, approximately 500 pounds of germaniferous coal was sampled and split into size and specific gravity fractions. The specific gravity fractions were analyzed for ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and germanium. Richer fractions of the coal were further treated by solvent extraction, and on the basis of these tests, extraction tests of varying times were conducted. In addition, a sample of the coal was tested by froth flotation and the effects of flotation on germanium concentration were noted. Size and specific gravity separations have given products that contain two to three times as much germanium as the feed. Solvent extraction with suitable solvents was able to give products that contained as high as 250 times the germanium content of the feed. Froth flotation produced concentrations of the germanium that were only one and a half times greater than obtained in feed. The greatest concentration made by burning the coal was 50 to 1 when comparing the germanium in the ash to the germanium in the sample."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The concentration of germanium in coal"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Mining Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Schaaf, Herbert L."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:33:09Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:33:09Z","2010-04-07"],"dc:date.issued":["1955"],"dc:description.abstract":["In this investigation, approximately 500 pounds of germaniferous coal was sampled and split into size and specific gravity fractions. The specific gravity fractions were analyzed for ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and germanium. Richer fractions of the coal were further treated by solvent extraction, and on the basis of these tests, extraction tests of varying times were conducted. In addition, a sample of the coal was tested by froth flotation and the effects of flotation on germanium concentration were noted. Size and specific gravity separations have given products that contain two to three times as much germanium as the feed. Solvent extraction with suitable solvents was able to give products that contained as high as 250 times the germanium content of the feed. Froth flotation produced concentrations of the germanium that were only one and a half times greater than obtained in feed. 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