{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/41510"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/41510","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Bracing requirements for post-frame endwalls","abstract":"When diaphragm action is considered in the design of post-frame buildings, the endwalls may require supplemental reinforcement to replace lost strength and stiffness, due to placement of large doors and openings in the endwalls. The diaphragm design standard, ASAE EP484, does not provide guidelines concerning such endwall reinforcement. Flat steel strapping 1s proposed for use as supplemental reinforcement to replace this lost strength and stiffness. An analysis procedure was developed, with the intention of serving as input to endwall diaphragm design. Using PPSA 3.00 and calibrated endwall data, a computer structural analog was developed that “mimics” the deflection of an actual solid endwall. Sections of the structural analog were removed to represent a centered door opening. Fictitious members representing steel-strap bracing were added to the remaining endwall diaphragm to restore the endwall deflection to that of the same endwall with no door openings. Large corner post uplift values were observed for tall endwalls. For purposes of endwall analysis, it is necessary to distribute corner post uplift forces to the other posts along the adjacent endwall and sidewall. Along with the tabulated results in this research, this analysis procedure provides building designers a tool that will enable them to analyze virtually any endwall-door combination. All that is required is PPSA 3.00 software (or equivalent), a personal computer, and endwall stiffness data.","abstract_html":"When diaphragm action is considered in the design of post-frame buildings, the endwalls may require supplemental reinforcement to replace lost strength and stiffness, due to placement of large doors and openings in the endwalls. The diaphragm design standard, ASAE EP484, does not provide guidelines concerning such endwall reinforcement. Flat steel strapping 1s proposed for use as supplemental reinforcement to replace this lost strength and stiffness. An analysis procedure was developed, with the intention of serving as input to endwall diaphragm design. Using PPSA 3.00 and calibrated endwall data, a computer structural analog was developed that “mimics” the deflection of an actual solid endwall. Sections of the structural analog were removed to represent a centered door opening. Fictitious members representing steel-strap bracing were added to the remaining endwall diaphragm to restore the endwall deflection to that of the same endwall with no door openings. Large corner post uplift values were observed for tall endwalls. For purposes of endwall analysis, it is necessary to distribute corner post uplift forces to the other posts along the adjacent endwall and sidewall. Along with the tabulated results in this research, this analysis procedure provides building designers a tool that will enable them to analyze virtually any endwall-door combination. All that is required is PPSA 3.00 software (or equivalent), a personal computer, and endwall stiffness data.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wirt, Donald Lee"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Agricultural Engineering","degree_department":"Agricultural Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1991,"date_issued":"1991","date_published":"1991","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:50Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-03122009-041358"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-03122009-041358","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41510","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Agricultural Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wirt, Donald Lee"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:31:22Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:31:22Z","2009-03-12"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1991"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Agricultural Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-03122009-041358"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41510"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["When diaphragm action is considered in the design of post-frame buildings, the endwalls may require supplemental reinforcement to replace lost strength and stiffness, due to placement of large doors and openings in the endwalls. The diaphragm design standard, ASAE EP484, does not provide guidelines concerning such endwall reinforcement. Flat steel strapping 1s proposed for use as supplemental reinforcement to replace this lost strength and stiffness. An analysis procedure was developed, with the intention of serving as input to endwall diaphragm design. Using PPSA 3.00 and calibrated endwall data, a computer structural analog was developed that “mimics” the deflection of an actual solid endwall. Sections of the structural analog were removed to represent a centered door opening. Fictitious members representing steel-strap bracing were added to the remaining endwall diaphragm to restore the endwall deflection to that of the same endwall with no door openings. Large corner post uplift values were observed for tall endwalls. For purposes of endwall analysis, it is necessary to distribute corner post uplift forces to the other posts along the adjacent endwall and sidewall. Along with the tabulated results in this research, this analysis procedure provides building designers a tool that will enable them to analyze virtually any endwall-door combination. All that is required is PPSA 3.00 software (or equivalent), a personal computer, and endwall stiffness data."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Bracing requirements for post-frame endwalls"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Agricultural Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Wirt, Donald Lee"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:31:22Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:31:22Z","2009-03-12"],"dc:date.issued":["1991"],"dc:description.abstract":["When diaphragm action is considered in the design of post-frame buildings, the endwalls may require supplemental reinforcement to replace lost strength and stiffness, due to placement of large doors and openings in the endwalls. The diaphragm design standard, ASAE EP484, does not provide guidelines concerning such endwall reinforcement. Flat steel strapping 1s proposed for use as supplemental reinforcement to replace this lost strength and stiffness. An analysis procedure was developed, with the intention of serving as input to endwall diaphragm design. Using PPSA 3.00 and calibrated endwall data, a computer structural analog was developed that “mimics” the deflection of an actual solid endwall. Sections of the structural analog were removed to represent a centered door opening. Fictitious members representing steel-strap bracing were added to the remaining endwall diaphragm to restore the endwall deflection to that of the same endwall with no door openings. Large corner post uplift values were observed for tall endwalls. For purposes of endwall analysis, it is necessary to distribute corner post uplift forces to the other posts along the adjacent endwall and sidewall. Along with the tabulated results in this research, this analysis procedure provides building designers a tool that will enable them to analyze virtually any endwall-door combination. 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