{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/40630"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/40630","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Structure, property, and processing relationships of CMZP - [(Ca<sub>0.6</sub>,Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆]","abstract":"Processing of (Ca<sub>0.6</sub>, Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆ [CMZP] powder synthesized by sol-gel techniques was investigated. Amorphous powder was cold pressed/sintered and hot pressed. Cold pressing CMZP, followed by controlled drying and sintering, resulted in maximum relative densities of 96% when using 2wt% of a sintering aid (ZnO). When increasing ZnO content to ≥ 5wt%, a second phase ((ZrO)₂P₂O₇) was formed. Hot pressing conditions were optimized to yield the highest room temperature flexure strength. Mechanical properties of the hot pressed CMZP at room temperature were: (1) a four-point flexure strength of 124.77 MPa, (2) an elastic modulus of 118.45 GPa, and (3) a Weibull modulus of 10.7. At 850°C, the flexure strength and elastic modulus were 118.35 MPa and 68.63 GPa while at 1050°C they were 89.57 MPa and 78.27 GPa. Samples tested at 1250°C creeped during loading. The fracture toughness K<sub>c</sub> of hot pressed CMZP was determined to be 1.145 MPa·√m by indentation. Breaking multiple-indented bars in a four-point bend resulted in a fracture toughness value of 1.269 MPa·√m. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on heating from 25°C to 1000°C was 2.64 x 10⁻⁶/°C and did not change on cycling ten times to 1000°C. No thermal expansion hysteresis was observed. Elevated temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the hot pressed CMZP remained single phase when heated to 1200°C and cooled to room temperature.","abstract_html":"Processing of (Ca&lt;sub&gt;0.6&lt;/sub&gt;, Mg&lt;sub&gt;0.4&lt;/sub&gt;)Zr₄(PO₄)₆ [CMZP] powder synthesized by sol-gel techniques was investigated. Amorphous powder was cold pressed/sintered and hot pressed. Cold pressing CMZP, followed by controlled drying and sintering, resulted in maximum relative densities of 96% when using 2wt% of a sintering aid (ZnO). When increasing ZnO content to ≥ 5wt%, a second phase ((ZrO)₂P₂O₇) was formed. Hot pressing conditions were optimized to yield the highest room temperature flexure strength. Mechanical properties of the hot pressed CMZP at room temperature were: (1) a four-point flexure strength of 124.77 MPa, (2) an elastic modulus of 118.45 GPa, and (3) a Weibull modulus of 10.7. At 850°C, the flexure strength and elastic modulus were 118.35 MPa and 68.63 GPa while at 1050°C they were 89.57 MPa and 78.27 GPa. Samples tested at 1250°C creeped during loading. The fracture toughness K&lt;sub&gt;c&lt;/sub&gt; of hot pressed CMZP was determined to be 1.145 MPa·√m by indentation. Breaking multiple-indented bars in a four-point bend resulted in a fracture toughness value of 1.269 MPa·√m. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on heating from 25°C to 1000°C was 2.64 x 10⁻⁶/°C and did not change on cycling ten times to 1000°C. No thermal expansion hysteresis was observed. Elevated temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the hot pressed CMZP remained single phase when heated to 1200°C and cooled to room temperature.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Russ, William M."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Materials Science and Engineering","degree_department":"Materials Science and Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1994,"date_issued":"1994","date_published":"1994","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:50Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01172009-063047"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-01172009-063047","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40630","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Materials Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Russ, William M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:27:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:27:14Z","2009-01-17"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1994"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01172009-063047"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40630"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Processing of (Ca<sub>0.6</sub>, Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆ [CMZP] powder synthesized by sol-gel techniques was investigated. Amorphous powder was cold pressed/sintered and hot pressed. Cold pressing CMZP, followed by controlled drying and sintering, resulted in maximum relative densities of 96% when using 2wt% of a sintering aid (ZnO). When increasing ZnO content to ≥ 5wt%, a second phase ((ZrO)₂P₂O₇) was formed. Hot pressing conditions were optimized to yield the highest room temperature flexure strength. Mechanical properties of the hot pressed CMZP at room temperature were: (1) a four-point flexure strength of 124.77 MPa, (2) an elastic modulus of 118.45 GPa, and (3) a Weibull modulus of 10.7. At 850°C, the flexure strength and elastic modulus were 118.35 MPa and 68.63 GPa while at 1050°C they were 89.57 MPa and 78.27 GPa. Samples tested at 1250°C creeped during loading. The fracture toughness K<sub>c</sub> of hot pressed CMZP was determined to be 1.145 MPa·√m by indentation. Breaking multiple-indented bars in a four-point bend resulted in a fracture toughness value of 1.269 MPa·√m. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on heating from 25°C to 1000°C was 2.64 x 10⁻⁶/°C and did not change on cycling ten times to 1000°C. No thermal expansion hysteresis was observed. Elevated temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the hot pressed CMZP remained single phase when heated to 1200°C and cooled to room temperature."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Structure, property, and processing relationships of CMZP - [(Ca<sub>0.6</sub>,Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆]"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Materials Science and Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Russ, William M."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:27:14Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:27:14Z","2009-01-17"],"dc:date.issued":["1994"],"dc:description.abstract":["Processing of (Ca<sub>0.6</sub>, Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆ [CMZP] powder synthesized by sol-gel techniques was investigated. Amorphous powder was cold pressed/sintered and hot pressed. Cold pressing CMZP, followed by controlled drying and sintering, resulted in maximum relative densities of 96% when using 2wt% of a sintering aid (ZnO). When increasing ZnO content to ≥ 5wt%, a second phase ((ZrO)₂P₂O₇) was formed. Hot pressing conditions were optimized to yield the highest room temperature flexure strength. Mechanical properties of the hot pressed CMZP at room temperature were: (1) a four-point flexure strength of 124.77 MPa, (2) an elastic modulus of 118.45 GPa, and (3) a Weibull modulus of 10.7. At 850°C, the flexure strength and elastic modulus were 118.35 MPa and 68.63 GPa while at 1050°C they were 89.57 MPa and 78.27 GPa. Samples tested at 1250°C creeped during loading. The fracture toughness K<sub>c</sub> of hot pressed CMZP was determined to be 1.145 MPa·√m by indentation. Breaking multiple-indented bars in a four-point bend resulted in a fracture toughness value of 1.269 MPa·√m. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) on heating from 25°C to 1000°C was 2.64 x 10⁻⁶/°C and did not change on cycling ten times to 1000°C. No thermal expansion hysteresis was observed. Elevated temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the hot pressed CMZP remained single phase when heated to 1200°C and cooled to room temperature."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-01172009-063047"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40630"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Structure, property, and processing relationships of CMZP - [(Ca<sub>0.6</sub>,Mg<sub>0.4</sub>)Zr₄(PO₄)₆]"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Science and Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:50Z"}