{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/40570"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/40570","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Impact of bromide ion concentration, time, dissolved organic carbon and molecular weight cutoff on haloacetonitrile, haloketone, chloropicrin and trihalomethane formation potentials","abstract":"This research investigated the formation potential (FP) for haloacetonitriles (HANSs), haloketones (HKs), chloropicrin (CP) and trihalomethanes (THMs) under conditions of constant DOC, constant Cl:DOC ratio, variable [Br] and variable apparent molecular weight (AMW) for coagulated water from a full-scale water treatment plant. Coagulated, high humic water (4.5 mg DOC/L) was fractionated into <1K, <10K, and <30K MWCO fractions. The DOC of the fractions was adjusted to the same value (e.g., ~ 2 mg/L). Fractions were chlorinated at 3:1 Cl,:TOC ratio under varying [Br]. Observed, non-THM species occurred at low concentrations (<0.3-9.0 ug/L). As expected THMFP speciation was strongly affected by Br:Cl ratio; this research demonstrated similar effects on specific HANs and HKs. Increasing quantities of brominated HANs and HKs were observed with increasing [Br]. DCANFP remained relatively constant while BCANFP and DBANFP increased with increasing [Br]. Increases in brominated species resulted in a larger relative change in THANFP than TTHMFP, suggesting that more HAN precursor material reacted when Br was present. Elevating Br:Cl to 0.03 resulting in HANFPs comparable to CHBr,FP. Change in HAN and HK species with respect to molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) and coagulated-raw water comparisons suggest that HANFP results from reaction with small, reactive, nitrogen containing compounds (<1K AMW) and larger (<30,000 MWCO) proteinaceous matter.","abstract_html":"This research investigated the formation potential (FP) for haloacetonitriles (HANSs), haloketones (HKs), chloropicrin (CP) and trihalomethanes (THMs) under conditions of constant DOC, constant Cl:DOC ratio, variable [Br] and variable apparent molecular weight (AMW) for coagulated water from a full-scale water treatment plant. Coagulated, high humic water (4.5 mg DOC/L) was fractionated into &lt;1K, &lt;10K, and &lt;30K MWCO fractions. The DOC of the fractions was adjusted to the same value (e.g., ~ 2 mg/L). Fractions were chlorinated at 3:1 Cl,:TOC ratio under varying [Br]. Observed, non-THM species occurred at low concentrations (&lt;0.3-9.0 ug/L). As expected THMFP speciation was strongly affected by Br:Cl ratio; this research demonstrated similar effects on specific HANs and HKs. Increasing quantities of brominated HANs and HKs were observed with increasing [Br]. DCANFP remained relatively constant while BCANFP and DBANFP increased with increasing [Br]. Increases in brominated species resulted in a larger relative change in THANFP than TTHMFP, suggesting that more HAN precursor material reacted when Br was present. Elevating Br:Cl to 0.03 resulting in HANFPs comparable to CHBr,FP. Change in HAN and HK species with respect to molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) and coagulated-raw water comparisons suggest that HANFP results from reaction with small, reactive, nitrogen containing compounds (&lt;1K AMW) and larger (&lt;30,000 MWCO) proteinaceous matter.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Via, Steve H."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Environmental Sciences and Engineering","degree_department":"Environmental Sciences and Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1995,"date_issued":"1995","date_published":"1995","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:37Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01102009-063454"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-01102009-063454","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40570","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Environmental Sciences and Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Via, Steve H."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:26:46Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:26:46Z","2009-01-10"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1995"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Sciences and Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01102009-063454"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40570"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This research investigated the formation potential (FP) for haloacetonitriles (HANSs), haloketones (HKs), chloropicrin (CP) and trihalomethanes (THMs) under conditions of constant DOC, constant Cl:DOC ratio, variable [Br] and variable apparent molecular weight (AMW) for coagulated water from a full-scale water treatment plant. Coagulated, high humic water (4.5 mg DOC/L) was fractionated into <1K, <10K, and <30K MWCO fractions. The DOC of the fractions was adjusted to the same value (e.g., ~ 2 mg/L). Fractions were chlorinated at 3:1 Cl,:TOC ratio under varying [Br]. Observed, non-THM species occurred at low concentrations (<0.3-9.0 ug/L). As expected THMFP speciation was strongly affected by Br:Cl ratio; this research demonstrated similar effects on specific HANs and HKs. Increasing quantities of brominated HANs and HKs were observed with increasing [Br]. DCANFP remained relatively constant while BCANFP and DBANFP increased with increasing [Br]. Increases in brominated species resulted in a larger relative change in THANFP than TTHMFP, suggesting that more HAN precursor material reacted when Br was present. Elevating Br:Cl to 0.03 resulting in HANFPs comparable to CHBr,FP. Change in HAN and HK species with respect to molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) and coagulated-raw water comparisons suggest that HANFP results from reaction with small, reactive, nitrogen containing compounds (<1K AMW) and larger (<30,000 MWCO) proteinaceous matter."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Impact of bromide ion concentration, time, dissolved organic carbon and molecular weight cutoff on haloacetonitrile, haloketone, chloropicrin and trihalomethane formation potentials"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Environmental Sciences and Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Via, Steve H."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:26:46Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:26:46Z","2009-01-10"],"dc:date.issued":["1995"],"dc:description.abstract":["This research investigated the formation potential (FP) for haloacetonitriles (HANSs), haloketones (HKs), chloropicrin (CP) and trihalomethanes (THMs) under conditions of constant DOC, constant Cl:DOC ratio, variable [Br] and variable apparent molecular weight (AMW) for coagulated water from a full-scale water treatment plant. Coagulated, high humic water (4.5 mg DOC/L) was fractionated into <1K, <10K, and <30K MWCO fractions. The DOC of the fractions was adjusted to the same value (e.g., ~ 2 mg/L). Fractions were chlorinated at 3:1 Cl,:TOC ratio under varying [Br]. Observed, non-THM species occurred at low concentrations (<0.3-9.0 ug/L). As expected THMFP speciation was strongly affected by Br:Cl ratio; this research demonstrated similar effects on specific HANs and HKs. Increasing quantities of brominated HANs and HKs were observed with increasing [Br]. DCANFP remained relatively constant while BCANFP and DBANFP increased with increasing [Br]. Increases in brominated species resulted in a larger relative change in THANFP than TTHMFP, suggesting that more HAN precursor material reacted when Br was present. Elevating Br:Cl to 0.03 resulting in HANFPs comparable to CHBr,FP. Change in HAN and HK species with respect to molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) and coagulated-raw water comparisons suggest that HANFP results from reaction with small, reactive, nitrogen containing compounds (<1K AMW) and larger (<30,000 MWCO) proteinaceous matter."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-01102009-063454"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40570"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Impact of bromide ion concentration, time, dissolved organic carbon and molecular weight cutoff on haloacetonitrile, haloketone, chloropicrin and trihalomethane formation potentials"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Sciences and Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:37Z"}