{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39699"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39699","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The microaerophilic nature of <i>Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i>","abstract":"Broad relationships among bacteria can be identified by ribosomal RNA analysis, but the resulting groups may not be easily definable by phenotypic characteristics. This is exemplified by the genus <i>Campylobacter</i>, which consists of at least three separate groups that cannot be differentiated readily by phenotypic characteristics. Examination of the type strains of all Campylobacter species (except <i>Campylobacter pylori), Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i> revealed that sheathed flagella occur only in species of rRNA group II (except <i>W.succinogenes</i>). This is helpful in differentiating this group. Campylobacters are microaerophilic: they can respire with oxygen but cannot grow at the full level of oxygen found in an air atmosphere (21% O₂). Although <i>W. recta, W. curva, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> are closely related to the campylobacters of rRNA group I, they were thought to be anaerobes, incapable of oxygen-dependent growth and of respiring with O₂. However, the present study revealed that they are in fact microaerophiles. They exhibited oxygen-dependent growth but failed to grow at 21% O₂ and grew only very slightly under anaerobic conditions unless provided with electron acceptors such as fumarate and nitrate. They exhibited 0₂ uptake with H₂ or formate as electron donors (<i>W. recta</i> showed only a low O₂ uptake with H₂). Oxygen uptake was inhibited by KCN and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. The organisms possessed membrane bound cytochromes (cytochromes b560 and C551-553, and a CO-binding cytochrome c), as well as soluble cytochrome C552 and CO-binding cytochrome c. The cytochromes were reduced by H₂ and formate as electron donors. Proton efflux from cells in anaerobic suspensions containing H₂ or formate occurred upon addition of a pulse of oxygen. With formate as the electron donor, H+/O ratios of <i>W. curva, W. recta, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> were 0.75, 1.66,2.06, and 2.04, respectively. With H₂ as the electron donor, H⁺/O ratios of <i>W.curva, B. ureoyticus, and B. gracilis</i> were 1.25, 1.97, and 2.36, respectively; technical difficulties prevented measurement of the ratio in <i>W. recta</i>. Proton translocation was inhibited by the protonophore carbonylcyanide <i>m</i>-chlorophenylhydrazone. The results confirm the relationship of these organisms to campylobacters.","abstract_html":"Broad relationships among bacteria can be identified by ribosomal RNA analysis, but the resulting groups may not be easily definable by phenotypic characteristics. This is exemplified by the genus &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter&lt;/i&gt;, which consists of at least three separate groups that cannot be differentiated readily by phenotypic characteristics. Examination of the type strains of all Campylobacter species (except &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter pylori), Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Bacteroides gracilis&lt;/i&gt; revealed that sheathed flagella occur only in species of rRNA group II (except &lt;i&gt;W.succinogenes&lt;/i&gt;). This is helpful in differentiating this group. Campylobacters are microaerophilic: they can respire with oxygen but cannot grow at the full level of oxygen found in an air atmosphere (21% O₂). Although &lt;i&gt;W. recta, W. curva, B. ureolyticus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;B. gracilis&lt;/i&gt; are closely related to the campylobacters of rRNA group I, they were thought to be anaerobes, incapable of oxygen-dependent growth and of respiring with O₂. However, the present study revealed that they are in fact microaerophiles. They exhibited oxygen-dependent growth but failed to grow at 21% O₂ and grew only very slightly under anaerobic conditions unless provided with electron acceptors such as fumarate and nitrate. They exhibited 0₂ uptake with H₂ or formate as electron donors (&lt;i&gt;W. recta&lt;/i&gt; showed only a low O₂ uptake with H₂). Oxygen uptake was inhibited by KCN and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. The organisms possessed membrane bound cytochromes (cytochromes b560 and C551-553, and a CO-binding cytochrome c), as well as soluble cytochrome C552 and CO-binding cytochrome c. The cytochromes were reduced by H₂ and formate as electron donors. Proton efflux from cells in anaerobic suspensions containing H₂ or formate occurred upon addition of a pulse of oxygen. With formate as the electron donor, H+/O ratios of &lt;i&gt;W. curva, W. recta, B. ureolyticus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;B. gracilis&lt;/i&gt; were 0.75, 1.66,2.06, and 2.04, respectively. With H₂ as the electron donor, H⁺/O ratios of &lt;i&gt;W.curva, B. ureoyticus, and B. gracilis&lt;/i&gt; were 1.25, 1.97, and 2.36, respectively; technical difficulties prevented measurement of the ratio in &lt;i&gt;W. recta&lt;/i&gt;. Proton translocation was inhibited by the protonophore carbonylcyanide &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;-chlorophenylhydrazone. The results confirm the relationship of these organisms to campylobacters.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Han, Yeong-Hwan"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Ph. D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Biology","degree_department":"Biology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Krieg, Noel R."],"committee_members":["Falkinham, Joseph O. III","Neal, John L.","Yousten, Allan A.","Smibert, Robert M."],"year":1991,"date_issued":"1991-02-15","date_published":"1991-02-15","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:53Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-10102005-131541"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-10102005-131541","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39699","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Krieg, Noel R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Falkinham, Joseph O. 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This is exemplified by the genus <i>Campylobacter</i>, which consists of at least three separate groups that cannot be differentiated readily by phenotypic characteristics. Examination of the type strains of all Campylobacter species (except <i>Campylobacter pylori), Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i> revealed that sheathed flagella occur only in species of rRNA group II (except <i>W.succinogenes</i>). This is helpful in differentiating this group. Campylobacters are microaerophilic: they can respire with oxygen but cannot grow at the full level of oxygen found in an air atmosphere (21% O₂). Although <i>W. recta, W. curva, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> are closely related to the campylobacters of rRNA group I, they were thought to be anaerobes, incapable of oxygen-dependent growth and of respiring with O₂. However, the present study revealed that they are in fact microaerophiles. They exhibited oxygen-dependent growth but failed to grow at 21% O₂ and grew only very slightly under anaerobic conditions unless provided with electron acceptors such as fumarate and nitrate. They exhibited 0₂ uptake with H₂ or formate as electron donors (<i>W. recta</i> showed only a low O₂ uptake with H₂). Oxygen uptake was inhibited by KCN and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. The organisms possessed membrane bound cytochromes (cytochromes b560 and C551-553, and a CO-binding cytochrome c), as well as soluble cytochrome C552 and CO-binding cytochrome c. The cytochromes were reduced by H₂ and formate as electron donors. Proton efflux from cells in anaerobic suspensions containing H₂ or formate occurred upon addition of a pulse of oxygen. With formate as the electron donor, H+/O ratios of <i>W. curva, W. recta, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> were 0.75, 1.66,2.06, and 2.04, respectively. With H₂ as the electron donor, H⁺/O ratios of <i>W.curva, B. ureoyticus, and B. gracilis</i> were 1.25, 1.97, and 2.36, respectively; technical difficulties prevented measurement of the ratio in <i>W. recta</i>. Proton translocation was inhibited by the protonophore carbonylcyanide <i>m</i>-chlorophenylhydrazone. The results confirm the relationship of these organisms to campylobacters."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The microaerophilic nature of <i>Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i>"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Krieg, Noel R."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Falkinham, Joseph O. III","Neal, John L.","Yousten, Allan A.","Smibert, Robert M."],"dc:contributor.department":["Biology"],"dc:creator":["Han, Yeong-Hwan"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:20:40Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:20:40Z","2005-10-10"],"dc:date.issued":["1991-02-15"],"dc:description.abstract":["Broad relationships among bacteria can be identified by ribosomal RNA analysis, but the resulting groups may not be easily definable by phenotypic characteristics. This is exemplified by the genus <i>Campylobacter</i>, which consists of at least three separate groups that cannot be differentiated readily by phenotypic characteristics. Examination of the type strains of all Campylobacter species (except <i>Campylobacter pylori), Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i> revealed that sheathed flagella occur only in species of rRNA group II (except <i>W.succinogenes</i>). This is helpful in differentiating this group. Campylobacters are microaerophilic: they can respire with oxygen but cannot grow at the full level of oxygen found in an air atmosphere (21% O₂). Although <i>W. recta, W. curva, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> are closely related to the campylobacters of rRNA group I, they were thought to be anaerobes, incapable of oxygen-dependent growth and of respiring with O₂. However, the present study revealed that they are in fact microaerophiles. They exhibited oxygen-dependent growth but failed to grow at 21% O₂ and grew only very slightly under anaerobic conditions unless provided with electron acceptors such as fumarate and nitrate. They exhibited 0₂ uptake with H₂ or formate as electron donors (<i>W. recta</i> showed only a low O₂ uptake with H₂). Oxygen uptake was inhibited by KCN and 2-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide. The organisms possessed membrane bound cytochromes (cytochromes b560 and C551-553, and a CO-binding cytochrome c), as well as soluble cytochrome C552 and CO-binding cytochrome c. The cytochromes were reduced by H₂ and formate as electron donors. Proton efflux from cells in anaerobic suspensions containing H₂ or formate occurred upon addition of a pulse of oxygen. With formate as the electron donor, H+/O ratios of <i>W. curva, W. recta, B. ureolyticus</i>, and <i>B. gracilis</i> were 0.75, 1.66,2.06, and 2.04, respectively. With H₂ as the electron donor, H⁺/O ratios of <i>W.curva, B. ureoyticus, and B. gracilis</i> were 1.25, 1.97, and 2.36, respectively; technical difficulties prevented measurement of the ratio in <i>W. recta</i>. Proton translocation was inhibited by the protonophore carbonylcyanide <i>m</i>-chlorophenylhydrazone. The results confirm the relationship of these organisms to campylobacters."],"dc:description.degree":["Ph. D."],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-10102005-131541"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39699"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["The microaerophilic nature of <i>Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Bacteroides ureolyticus</i>, and <i>Bacteroides gracilis</i>"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biology"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:53Z"}