{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39390"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/39390","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Factors affecting binding of chlorophenols to soil","abstract":"Synthetic substituted phenols can become incorporated into soil organic matter by processes similar to natural humification. Biological, (enzyme-catalyzed), and abiotic, (mineral surface catalyzed), reactions have been implicated in these processes which result in the nonextractable binding of phenolic contaminants to soil organic matter. Experiments conducted with phenol, 4-monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated a statistically significant difference in the degree of nonextractable binding in oxic and anoxic environments. Soils were extracted with water and methylene chloride. The extracted soils were combusted at 950°C and the 14C02 evolved was quantified as a measure of the bound contaminant. The amount of 14C02 captured during combustion of the soils indicated that approximately two times greater contaminant binding occurred in the oxic atmosphere as compared to the anoxic atmosphere. Autoclaving the soil resulted in a reduction in contaminant binding. Addition of H₂O₂ increased MCP binding by 4.5 times. The nonextractable contaminant appeared to consist of (i) a biologically coupled; (ii) an abiotically coupled; and (iii) a desorbable, but diffusion-limited component. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to have the greatest effect on the degree of nonextractable binding. An empirical model was developed for predicting the extent of chlorophenol binding to soil as a function of the initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant. Nearly 50% of the nonextractable 4-MCP was bioavailable to inoculated microorganisms.","abstract_html":"Synthetic substituted phenols can become incorporated into soil organic matter by processes similar to natural humification. Biological, (enzyme-catalyzed), and abiotic, (mineral surface catalyzed), reactions have been implicated in these processes which result in the nonextractable binding of phenolic contaminants to soil organic matter. Experiments conducted with phenol, 4-monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated a statistically significant difference in the degree of nonextractable binding in oxic and anoxic environments. Soils were extracted with water and methylene chloride. The extracted soils were combusted at 950°C and the 14C02 evolved was quantified as a measure of the bound contaminant. The amount of 14C02 captured during combustion of the soils indicated that approximately two times greater contaminant binding occurred in the oxic atmosphere as compared to the anoxic atmosphere. Autoclaving the soil resulted in a reduction in contaminant binding. Addition of H₂O₂ increased MCP binding by 4.5 times. The nonextractable contaminant appeared to consist of (i) a biologically coupled; (ii) an abiotically coupled; and (iii) a desorbable, but diffusion-limited component. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to have the greatest effect on the degree of nonextractable binding. An empirical model was developed for predicting the extent of chlorophenol binding to soil as a function of the initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant. Nearly 50% of the nonextractable 4-MCP was bioavailable to inoculated microorganisms.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bhandari, Alok"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Ph. D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Novak, John T."],"committee_members":["Berry, Duane F.","Dietrich, Andrea M.","Benoit, Robert E.","Randall, Clifford W."],"year":1995,"date_issued":"1995-07-06","date_published":"1995-07-06","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:17Z","subjects":["oxidative coupling","bioavailability","soils"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-09192008-063010"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-09192008-063010","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39390","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Novak, John T."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Berry, Duane F.","Dietrich, Andrea M.","Benoit, Robert E.","Randall, Clifford W."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bhandari, Alok"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T21:19:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T21:19:00Z","2008-09-19"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1995-07-06"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["oxidative coupling","bioavailability","soils"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-09192008-063010"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39390"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Synthetic substituted phenols can become incorporated into soil organic matter by processes similar to natural humification. Biological, (enzyme-catalyzed), and abiotic, (mineral surface catalyzed), reactions have been implicated in these processes which result in the nonextractable binding of phenolic contaminants to soil organic matter. Experiments conducted with phenol, 4-monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated a statistically significant difference in the degree of nonextractable binding in oxic and anoxic environments. Soils were extracted with water and methylene chloride. The extracted soils were combusted at 950°C and the 14C02 evolved was quantified as a measure of the bound contaminant. The amount of 14C02 captured during combustion of the soils indicated that approximately two times greater contaminant binding occurred in the oxic atmosphere as compared to the anoxic atmosphere. Autoclaving the soil resulted in a reduction in contaminant binding. Addition of H₂O₂ increased MCP binding by 4.5 times. The nonextractable contaminant appeared to consist of (i) a biologically coupled; (ii) an abiotically coupled; and (iii) a desorbable, but diffusion-limited component. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to have the greatest effect on the degree of nonextractable binding. An empirical model was developed for predicting the extent of chlorophenol binding to soil as a function of the initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant. Nearly 50% of the nonextractable 4-MCP was bioavailable to inoculated microorganisms."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["BTD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Factors affecting binding of chlorophenols to soil"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Novak, John T."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Berry, Duane F.","Dietrich, Andrea M.","Benoit, Robert E.","Randall, Clifford W."],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Bhandari, Alok"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T21:19:00Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T21:19:00Z","2008-09-19"],"dc:date.issued":["1995-07-06"],"dc:description.abstract":["Synthetic substituted phenols can become incorporated into soil organic matter by processes similar to natural humification. Biological, (enzyme-catalyzed), and abiotic, (mineral surface catalyzed), reactions have been implicated in these processes which result in the nonextractable binding of phenolic contaminants to soil organic matter. Experiments conducted with phenol, 4-monochlorophenol (MCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) indicated a statistically significant difference in the degree of nonextractable binding in oxic and anoxic environments. Soils were extracted with water and methylene chloride. The extracted soils were combusted at 950°C and the 14C02 evolved was quantified as a measure of the bound contaminant. The amount of 14C02 captured during combustion of the soils indicated that approximately two times greater contaminant binding occurred in the oxic atmosphere as compared to the anoxic atmosphere. Autoclaving the soil resulted in a reduction in contaminant binding. Addition of H₂O₂ increased MCP binding by 4.5 times. The nonextractable contaminant appeared to consist of (i) a biologically coupled; (ii) an abiotically coupled; and (iii) a desorbable, but diffusion-limited component. The initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant appeared to have the greatest effect on the degree of nonextractable binding. An empirical model was developed for predicting the extent of chlorophenol binding to soil as a function of the initial aqueous concentration of the contaminant. Nearly 50% of the nonextractable 4-MCP was bioavailable to inoculated microorganisms."],"dc:description.degree":["Ph. D."],"dc:format.medium":["BTD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-09192008-063010"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39390"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["oxidative coupling","bioavailability","soils"],"dc:title":["Factors affecting binding of chlorophenols to soil"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Civil Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:17Z"}