{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36950"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36950","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Basal Area Growth and Crown Dynamics in a Loblolly Pine Spacing Trial","abstract":"Relationships between the culmination of basal area growth and degree of crown closure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were investigated. A spacing trial established on the low Appalachian Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain provided the data for the investigation. Test plots were planted at densities ranging from 303 to 2723 stems per acre, and at various rectangular and square spacings. Annual stem and crown measurements were used to derive the sought-after relationships. The age of basal area culmination was found to be inversely related to both planting density and site index. Crown closure was advanced on sites of relatively high quality, exhibiting an approximately linear increase with time from planting until the age of basal area culmination. The slope of this trend increased with planting density. The degree of crown closure at the age of basal area culmination was significantly higher on narrowly-spaced plots than it was on widely-spaced plots; however, it did not vary significantly with site index. Although crown closure is generally accelerated on high quality sites, the relatively early culmination of basal area growth on such sites offsets the increase - the net result being that crown closure at culmination age does not vary significantly with site differences. Crown closure indices can be used to determine whether or not a stand has reached the culmination of basal area growth; however, more readily available information on spacing and site index can be used to make the same prediction. The results of this study might be most useful to modelers of early stand dynamics in loblolly pine and other commercially important pines.","abstract_html":"Relationships between the culmination of basal area growth and degree of crown closure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were investigated. A spacing trial established on the low Appalachian Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain provided the data for the investigation. Test plots were planted at densities ranging from 303 to 2723 stems per acre, and at various rectangular and square spacings. Annual stem and crown measurements were used to derive the sought-after relationships. The age of basal area culmination was found to be inversely related to both planting density and site index. Crown closure was advanced on sites of relatively high quality, exhibiting an approximately linear increase with time from planting until the age of basal area culmination. The slope of this trend increased with planting density. The degree of crown closure at the age of basal area culmination was significantly higher on narrowly-spaced plots than it was on widely-spaced plots; however, it did not vary significantly with site index. Although crown closure is generally accelerated on high quality sites, the relatively early culmination of basal area growth on such sites offsets the increase - the net result being that crown closure at culmination age does not vary significantly with site differences. Crown closure indices can be used to determine whether or not a stand has reached the culmination of basal area growth; however, more readily available information on spacing and site index can be used to make the same prediction. The results of this study might be most useful to modelers of early stand dynamics in loblolly pine and other commercially important pines.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Radtke, Philip J."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Forestry","degree_department":"Forestry","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Burkhart, Harold E."],"committee_members":["Zedaker, Shepard M.","Gregoire, Timothy G."],"year":1996,"date_issued":"1996-08-02","date_published":"1996-08-02","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:29Z","subjects":["none"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-745172179632331"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-745172179632331","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36950","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Burkhart, Harold E."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Zedaker, Shepard M.","Gregoire, Timothy G."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Forestry"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Radtke, Philip J."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:52:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:52:17Z","1996-08-02"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1996-08-02"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Forestry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["none"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-745172179632331"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36950"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Relationships between the culmination of basal area growth and degree of crown closure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were investigated. A spacing trial established on the low Appalachian Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain provided the data for the investigation. Test plots were planted at densities ranging from 303 to 2723 stems per acre, and at various rectangular and square spacings. Annual stem and crown measurements were used to derive the sought-after relationships. The age of basal area culmination was found to be inversely related to both planting density and site index. Crown closure was advanced on sites of relatively high quality, exhibiting an approximately linear increase with time from planting until the age of basal area culmination. The slope of this trend increased with planting density. The degree of crown closure at the age of basal area culmination was significantly higher on narrowly-spaced plots than it was on widely-spaced plots; however, it did not vary significantly with site index. Although crown closure is generally accelerated on high quality sites, the relatively early culmination of basal area growth on such sites offsets the increase - the net result being that crown closure at culmination age does not vary significantly with site differences. Crown closure indices can be used to determine whether or not a stand has reached the culmination of basal area growth; however, more readily available information on spacing and site index can be used to make the same prediction. The results of this study might be most useful to modelers of early stand dynamics in loblolly pine and other commercially important pines."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Basal Area Growth and Crown Dynamics in a Loblolly Pine Spacing Trial"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Burkhart, Harold E."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Zedaker, Shepard M.","Gregoire, Timothy G."],"dc:contributor.department":["Forestry"],"dc:creator":["Radtke, Philip J."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:52:17Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:52:17Z","1996-08-02"],"dc:date.issued":["1996-08-02"],"dc:description.abstract":["Relationships between the culmination of basal area growth and degree of crown closure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) were investigated. A spacing trial established on the low Appalachian Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain provided the data for the investigation. Test plots were planted at densities ranging from 303 to 2723 stems per acre, and at various rectangular and square spacings. Annual stem and crown measurements were used to derive the sought-after relationships. The age of basal area culmination was found to be inversely related to both planting density and site index. Crown closure was advanced on sites of relatively high quality, exhibiting an approximately linear increase with time from planting until the age of basal area culmination. The slope of this trend increased with planting density. The degree of crown closure at the age of basal area culmination was significantly higher on narrowly-spaced plots than it was on widely-spaced plots; however, it did not vary significantly with site index. Although crown closure is generally accelerated on high quality sites, the relatively early culmination of basal area growth on such sites offsets the increase - the net result being that crown closure at culmination age does not vary significantly with site differences. Crown closure indices can be used to determine whether or not a stand has reached the culmination of basal area growth; however, more readily available information on spacing and site index can be used to make the same prediction. The results of this study might be most useful to modelers of early stand dynamics in loblolly pine and other commercially important pines."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-745172179632331"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36950"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["none"],"dc:title":["Basal Area Growth and Crown Dynamics in a Loblolly Pine Spacing Trial"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Forestry"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:29Z"}