{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36645"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36645","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Effective Lengths of Web-Tapered Columns in Rigid Metal Building Frames","abstract":"Current procedures for estimating effective length factors for web-tapered members rely heavily on the use of charts and graphs. This makes them difficult to implement using a computer. In addition, they are often based on unrealistic assumptions. In cases where these assumptions are not satisfied, design errors may result. This investigation proposes a modification to an effective length factor expression developed by Lui (1992). This modification allows the expression to be applied to web-tapered members with good accuracy. A derivation of the proposed expression is presented, and the results obtained by applying the expression to a range of frames are compared to the results obtained from second-order finite element analyses. Calculations involved in using the expression are presented.","abstract_html":"Current procedures for estimating effective length factors for web-tapered members rely heavily on the use of charts and graphs. This makes them difficult to implement using a computer. In addition, they are often based on unrealistic assumptions. In cases where these assumptions are not satisfied, design errors may result. This investigation proposes a modification to an effective length factor expression developed by Lui (1992). This modification allows the expression to be applied to web-tapered members with good accuracy. A derivation of the proposed expression is presented, and the results obtained by applying the expression to a range of frames are compared to the results obtained from second-order finite element analyses. Calculations involved in using the expression are presented.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cary, Charles William III"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Civil Engineering","degree_department":"Civil Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Murray, Thomas M."],"committee_members":["Easterling, William Samuel","Holzer, Siegfried M."],"year":1997,"date_issued":"1997-05-27","date_published":"1997-05-27","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:22Z","subjects":["metal building","effective length","tapered","column"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-358103049751491"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-358103049751491","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36645","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Murray, Thomas M."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Easterling, William Samuel","Holzer, Siegfried M."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cary, Charles William III"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:51:21Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:51:21Z","1997-05-27"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1997-05-27"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Civil Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["metal building","effective length","tapered","column"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-358103049751491"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36645"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Current procedures for estimating effective length factors for web-tapered members rely heavily on the use of charts and graphs. This makes them difficult to implement using a computer. In addition, they are often based on unrealistic assumptions. In cases where these assumptions are not satisfied, design errors may result. This investigation proposes a modification to an effective length factor expression developed by Lui (1992). This modification allows the expression to be applied to web-tapered members with good accuracy. A derivation of the proposed expression is presented, and the results obtained by applying the expression to a range of frames are compared to the results obtained from second-order finite element analyses. Calculations involved in using the expression are presented."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effective Lengths of Web-Tapered Columns in Rigid Metal Building Frames"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Murray, Thomas M."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Easterling, William Samuel","Holzer, Siegfried M."],"dc:contributor.department":["Civil Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Cary, Charles William III"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:51:21Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:51:21Z","1997-05-27"],"dc:date.issued":["1997-05-27"],"dc:description.abstract":["Current procedures for estimating effective length factors for web-tapered members rely heavily on the use of charts and graphs. This makes them difficult to implement using a computer. In addition, they are often based on unrealistic assumptions. In cases where these assumptions are not satisfied, design errors may result. This investigation proposes a modification to an effective length factor expression developed by Lui (1992). This modification allows the expression to be applied to web-tapered members with good accuracy. A derivation of the proposed expression is presented, and the results obtained by applying the expression to a range of frames are compared to the results obtained from second-order finite element analyses. 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