{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36165"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/36165","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Conceptual Design and Instrumentation Study for a 2-D, Linear, Wet Steam Turbine Cascade Facility","abstract":"The design of last stage low pressure steam (LP) turbines has become increasingly complicated as turbine manufacturers have pushed for larger and more efficient turbines. The tip sections of these LP turbines encounter condensing wet steam at high velocities resulting in increased losses. These losses are difficult to predict with computational fluid dynamic models. To study these losses and improve the design of LP turbines a study was commissioned to determine the feasibility and cost of a steam cascade facility for measuring low pressure turbine blade tip section aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. This study focused on two objectives: 1) design a steam production facility capable of simulating actual LP turbine operating conditions, and 2) design an instrumentation system to measure blade performance in wet steam. The steam production facility was designed to allow the test section size to be selected later. A computer code was developed to model the facility cycle and provide equipment requirements. Equipment to meet these requirements, vendors to provide it, and costs were found for a range of test section sizes. A method to control the test section conditions was also developed. To design the instrumentation system two methods of measuring blade losses through entropy generation were proposed. The first method uses existing total pressure probe techniques. The second method uses advanced particle imaging velocimetry techniques possibly for the first time in wet steam. A new method is then proposed to modify the two techniques to take measurements at non-equilibrium states. Finally accuracy issues are discussed and the challenges associated with achieving periodic flow in this facility are investigated.","abstract_html":"The design of last stage low pressure steam (LP) turbines has become increasingly complicated as turbine manufacturers have pushed for larger and more efficient turbines. The tip sections of these LP turbines encounter condensing wet steam at high velocities resulting in increased losses. These losses are difficult to predict with computational fluid dynamic models. To study these losses and improve the design of LP turbines a study was commissioned to determine the feasibility and cost of a steam cascade facility for measuring low pressure turbine blade tip section aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. This study focused on two objectives: 1) design a steam production facility capable of simulating actual LP turbine operating conditions, and 2) design an instrumentation system to measure blade performance in wet steam. The steam production facility was designed to allow the test section size to be selected later. A computer code was developed to model the facility cycle and provide equipment requirements. Equipment to meet these requirements, vendors to provide it, and costs were found for a range of test section sizes. A method to control the test section conditions was also developed. To design the instrumentation system two methods of measuring blade losses through entropy generation were proposed. The first method uses existing total pressure probe techniques. The second method uses advanced particle imaging velocimetry techniques possibly for the first time in wet steam. A new method is then proposed to modify the two techniques to take measurements at non-equilibrium states. Finally accuracy issues are discussed and the challenges associated with achieving periodic flow in this facility are investigated.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["McFarland, Jacob Andrew"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Mechanical Engineering","degree_department":"Mechanical Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Ng, Wing Fai"],"committee_members":["Kornhauser, Alan A.","Battaglia, Francine"],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-12-04","date_published":"2008-12-04","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:21Z","subjects":["Instrumentation","Steam Turbines","Steam Cascade","Wet Steam","Nucleation","Condensation"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-12152008-120840"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-12152008-120840","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36165","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Ng, Wing Fai"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Kornhauser, Alan A.","Battaglia, Francine"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Mechanical Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["McFarland, Jacob Andrew"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:49:37Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:49:37Z","2010-12-22"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2008-12-04"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Mechanical Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Instrumentation","Steam Turbines","Steam Cascade","Wet Steam","Nucleation","Condensation"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-12152008-120840"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36165"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The design of last stage low pressure steam (LP) turbines has become increasingly complicated as turbine manufacturers have pushed for larger and more efficient turbines. The tip sections of these LP turbines encounter condensing wet steam at high velocities resulting in increased losses. These losses are difficult to predict with computational fluid dynamic models. To study these losses and improve the design of LP turbines a study was commissioned to determine the feasibility and cost of a steam cascade facility for measuring low pressure turbine blade tip section aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. This study focused on two objectives: 1) design a steam production facility capable of simulating actual LP turbine operating conditions, and 2) design an instrumentation system to measure blade performance in wet steam. The steam production facility was designed to allow the test section size to be selected later. A computer code was developed to model the facility cycle and provide equipment requirements. Equipment to meet these requirements, vendors to provide it, and costs were found for a range of test section sizes. A method to control the test section conditions was also developed. To design the instrumentation system two methods of measuring blade losses through entropy generation were proposed. The first method uses existing total pressure probe techniques. The second method uses advanced particle imaging velocimetry techniques possibly for the first time in wet steam. A new method is then proposed to modify the two techniques to take measurements at non-equilibrium states. Finally accuracy issues are discussed and the challenges associated with achieving periodic flow in this facility are investigated."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Conceptual Design and Instrumentation Study for a 2-D, Linear, Wet Steam Turbine Cascade Facility"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Ng, Wing Fai"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Kornhauser, Alan A.","Battaglia, Francine"],"dc:contributor.department":["Mechanical Engineering"],"dc:creator":["McFarland, Jacob Andrew"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:49:37Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:49:37Z","2010-12-22"],"dc:date.issued":["2008-12-04"],"dc:description.abstract":["The design of last stage low pressure steam (LP) turbines has become increasingly complicated as turbine manufacturers have pushed for larger and more efficient turbines. The tip sections of these LP turbines encounter condensing wet steam at high velocities resulting in increased losses. These losses are difficult to predict with computational fluid dynamic models. To study these losses and improve the design of LP turbines a study was commissioned to determine the feasibility and cost of a steam cascade facility for measuring low pressure turbine blade tip section aerodynamic and thermodynamic performance. This study focused on two objectives: 1) design a steam production facility capable of simulating actual LP turbine operating conditions, and 2) design an instrumentation system to measure blade performance in wet steam. The steam production facility was designed to allow the test section size to be selected later. A computer code was developed to model the facility cycle and provide equipment requirements. Equipment to meet these requirements, vendors to provide it, and costs were found for a range of test section sizes. A method to control the test section conditions was also developed. To design the instrumentation system two methods of measuring blade losses through entropy generation were proposed. The first method uses existing total pressure probe techniques. The second method uses advanced particle imaging velocimetry techniques possibly for the first time in wet steam. A new method is then proposed to modify the two techniques to take measurements at non-equilibrium states. Finally accuracy issues are discussed and the challenges associated with achieving periodic flow in this facility are investigated."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-12152008-120840"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36165"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Instrumentation","Steam Turbines","Steam Cascade","Wet Steam","Nucleation","Condensation"],"dc:title":["Conceptual Design and Instrumentation Study for a 2-D, Linear, Wet Steam Turbine Cascade Facility"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mechanical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:21Z"}