{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/35378"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/35378","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Antigenic Characterization of <I>Haemophilus somnus</I> Lipooligosaccharide","abstract":"Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the major outer membrane component of many Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the mucosal membranes, including pathogenic species of <I>Haemophilus</I> and <I>Neisseria</I>. LOS phase variation is one mechanism by which some of these bacteria avoid the host immune response. To better understand LOS phase variation as a virulence mechanism of <I>H. somnus</I>, knowledge of the antigenic diversity of LOS epitopes must be increased. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to <I>H. somnus</I> LOS were produced and used with cross-reacting MAbs to <I>H. aegyptius</I> LOS (MAb 5F5) and <I>Neisseria</I> <I>gonorrhoeae</I> LOS (MAb 3F11) in an ELISA to investigate LOS heterogeneity among forty-five strains of <I>H. somnus</I>. Using three MAbs, thirty-nine of these <I>H. somnus</I> strains were grouped into six antigenic types. Three groups, associated solely with the cross-reacting MAbs 5F5 and 3F11, included the majority (76%) of <I>H. somnus</I> strains. The anti-<I>H. somnus</I> LOS MAb 5D7 recognized a low frequency epitope associated with each of the remaining three groups, which included 11% of the <I>H. somnus</I> strains. Six strains (13%) were not recognized by any of these MAbs. Inhibition ELISA experiments showed that the MAb 5F5 epitope contained phosphocholine (PCho) and this epitope was present in 56% of the strains tested. The MAb 5F5 epitope is phase variable in <I>H. somnus</I> LOS. How PCho negative variants could allow for systemic infection after initial colonization of the mucosa by PCho positive variants is discussed.","abstract_html":"Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the major outer membrane component of many Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the mucosal membranes, including pathogenic species of &lt;I&gt;Haemophilus&lt;/I&gt; and &lt;I&gt;Neisseria&lt;/I&gt;. LOS phase variation is one mechanism by which some of these bacteria avoid the host immune response. To better understand LOS phase variation as a virulence mechanism of &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt;, knowledge of the antigenic diversity of LOS epitopes must be increased. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; LOS were produced and used with cross-reacting MAbs to &lt;I&gt;H. aegyptius&lt;/I&gt; LOS (MAb 5F5) and &lt;I&gt;Neisseria&lt;/I&gt; &lt;I&gt;gonorrhoeae&lt;/I&gt; LOS (MAb 3F11) in an ELISA to investigate LOS heterogeneity among forty-five strains of &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt;. Using three MAbs, thirty-nine of these &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; strains were grouped into six antigenic types. Three groups, associated solely with the cross-reacting MAbs 5F5 and 3F11, included the majority (76%) of &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; strains. The anti-&lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; LOS MAb 5D7 recognized a low frequency epitope associated with each of the remaining three groups, which included 11% of the &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; strains. Six strains (13%) were not recognized by any of these MAbs. Inhibition ELISA experiments showed that the MAb 5F5 epitope contained phosphocholine (PCho) and this epitope was present in 56% of the strains tested. The MAb 5F5 epitope is phase variable in &lt;I&gt;H. somnus&lt;/I&gt; LOS. How PCho negative variants could allow for systemic infection after initial colonization of the mucosa by PCho positive variants is discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Howard, Michael D."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Veterinary Medical Sciences","degree_department":"Veterinary Medical Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Inzana, Thomas J."],"committee_members":["Schurig, Gerhardt G.","Nagarkatti, Mitzi"],"year":1998,"date_issued":"1998-10-23","date_published":"1998-10-23","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:09Z","subjects":["LOS","phase variation","typing scheme","epitope","monoclonal antibody"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-101398-081516"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-101398-081516","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35378","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Inzana, Thomas J."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Schurig, Gerhardt G.","Nagarkatti, Mitzi"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Veterinary Medical Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Howard, Michael D."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:46:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:46:39Z","1999-11-16"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1998-10-23"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Veterinary Medical Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["LOS","phase variation","typing scheme","epitope","monoclonal antibody"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-101398-081516"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35378"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the major outer membrane component of many Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the mucosal membranes, including pathogenic species of <I>Haemophilus</I> and <I>Neisseria</I>. LOS phase variation is one mechanism by which some of these bacteria avoid the host immune response. To better understand LOS phase variation as a virulence mechanism of <I>H. somnus</I>, knowledge of the antigenic diversity of LOS epitopes must be increased. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to <I>H. somnus</I> LOS were produced and used with cross-reacting MAbs to <I>H. aegyptius</I> LOS (MAb 5F5) and <I>Neisseria</I> <I>gonorrhoeae</I> LOS (MAb 3F11) in an ELISA to investigate LOS heterogeneity among forty-five strains of <I>H. somnus</I>. Using three MAbs, thirty-nine of these <I>H. somnus</I> strains were grouped into six antigenic types. Three groups, associated solely with the cross-reacting MAbs 5F5 and 3F11, included the majority (76%) of <I>H. somnus</I> strains. The anti-<I>H. somnus</I> LOS MAb 5D7 recognized a low frequency epitope associated with each of the remaining three groups, which included 11% of the <I>H. somnus</I> strains. Six strains (13%) were not recognized by any of these MAbs. Inhibition ELISA experiments showed that the MAb 5F5 epitope contained phosphocholine (PCho) and this epitope was present in 56% of the strains tested. The MAb 5F5 epitope is phase variable in <I>H. somnus</I> LOS. How PCho negative variants could allow for systemic infection after initial colonization of the mucosa by PCho positive variants is discussed."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Antigenic Characterization of <I>Haemophilus somnus</I> Lipooligosaccharide"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Inzana, Thomas J."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Schurig, Gerhardt G.","Nagarkatti, Mitzi"],"dc:contributor.department":["Veterinary Medical Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Howard, Michael D."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:46:39Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:46:39Z","1999-11-16"],"dc:date.issued":["1998-10-23"],"dc:description.abstract":["Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) is the major outer membrane component of many Gram-negative bacteria inhabiting the mucosal membranes, including pathogenic species of <I>Haemophilus</I> and <I>Neisseria</I>. LOS phase variation is one mechanism by which some of these bacteria avoid the host immune response. To better understand LOS phase variation as a virulence mechanism of <I>H. somnus</I>, knowledge of the antigenic diversity of LOS epitopes must be increased. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to <I>H. somnus</I> LOS were produced and used with cross-reacting MAbs to <I>H. aegyptius</I> LOS (MAb 5F5) and <I>Neisseria</I> <I>gonorrhoeae</I> LOS (MAb 3F11) in an ELISA to investigate LOS heterogeneity among forty-five strains of <I>H. somnus</I>. Using three MAbs, thirty-nine of these <I>H. somnus</I> strains were grouped into six antigenic types. Three groups, associated solely with the cross-reacting MAbs 5F5 and 3F11, included the majority (76%) of <I>H. somnus</I> strains. The anti-<I>H. somnus</I> LOS MAb 5D7 recognized a low frequency epitope associated with each of the remaining three groups, which included 11% of the <I>H. somnus</I> strains. Six strains (13%) were not recognized by any of these MAbs. Inhibition ELISA experiments showed that the MAb 5F5 epitope contained phosphocholine (PCho) and this epitope was present in 56% of the strains tested. The MAb 5F5 epitope is phase variable in <I>H. somnus</I> LOS. How PCho negative variants could allow for systemic infection after initial colonization of the mucosa by PCho positive variants is discussed."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-101398-081516"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35378"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["LOS","phase variation","typing scheme","epitope","monoclonal antibody"],"dc:title":["Antigenic Characterization of <I>Haemophilus somnus</I> Lipooligosaccharide"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Veterinary Medical Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:09Z"}