{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/34605"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/34605","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Incubation temperature and post-hatch stress effects on immune parameters, immune system development, and performance in commercial broilers","abstract":"Broiler performance is dependent on immunocompetency and the ability to respond to environmental challenges. Incubation temperature, post-hatch transportation, and vaccination may impose stress upon the embryo and post-hatch chick and impact immune system development and lifetime performance of the bird. The objective of the first study was to evaluate incubation temperature and post-hatch transportation environment on response parameters indicative of early immunity in the neonatal chick. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with combinations of eggshell temperatures common to commercial multi-stage incubators during early and late incubation: low (L): 36.7°C, standard (S): 37.5°C, and high (H): 39.0°C. After hatch, chicks were transported under one of two conditions: control (C: 34°C) or distressed (D: 40°C), yielding 8 experimental treatments: LH-C, LS-C, SH-C, SS-C, LH-D, LS-D, SH-D, and SS-D. The objective of the second study was to examine the effects of incubation temperature profiles on response to vaccination in Cobb 500 broilers (n=2000). Temperature treatments were the same as the first study, and embryos were administered vaccinations for Marek's disease virus (MDV) at embryonic day (ED) 18, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at hatch, the combination of MDV+NDV, or no vaccine (control). There were 16 resulting experimental groups: LH-Control, LH-MDV, LH-NDV, LH-MDV+NDV, LS-Control, LS-MDV, LS-NDV, LS-MDV+NDV, SH-Control, SH-MDV, SH-NDV, SH-MDV+NDV, SS-Control, SS-MDV, SS-NDV, and SS-MDV+NDV. Two and three way interactions (P<0.05) were observed for the parameters evaluated and are presented for both studies. These studies suggest an influence of incubation temperature and post-hatch stressors on chick development and early immune response parameters.","abstract_html":"Broiler performance is dependent on immunocompetency and the ability to respond to environmental challenges. Incubation temperature, post-hatch transportation, and vaccination may impose stress upon the embryo and post-hatch chick and impact immune system development and lifetime performance of the bird. The objective of the first study was to evaluate incubation temperature and post-hatch transportation environment on response parameters indicative of early immunity in the neonatal chick. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with combinations of eggshell temperatures common to commercial multi-stage incubators during early and late incubation: low (L): 36.7°C, standard (S): 37.5°C, and high (H): 39.0°C. After hatch, chicks were transported under one of two conditions: control (C: 34°C) or distressed (D: 40°C), yielding 8 experimental treatments: LH-C, LS-C, SH-C, SS-C, LH-D, LS-D, SH-D, and SS-D. The objective of the second study was to examine the effects of incubation temperature profiles on response to vaccination in Cobb 500 broilers (n=2000). Temperature treatments were the same as the first study, and embryos were administered vaccinations for Marek&#x27;s disease virus (MDV) at embryonic day (ED) 18, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at hatch, the combination of MDV+NDV, or no vaccine (control). There were 16 resulting experimental groups: LH-Control, LH-MDV, LH-NDV, LH-MDV+NDV, LS-Control, LS-MDV, LS-NDV, LS-MDV+NDV, SH-Control, SH-MDV, SH-NDV, SH-MDV+NDV, SS-Control, SS-MDV, SS-NDV, and SS-MDV+NDV. Two and three way interactions (P&lt;0.05) were observed for the parameters evaluated and are presented for both studies. These studies suggest an influence of incubation temperature and post-hatch stressors on chick development and early immune response parameters.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Sottosanti, Jennifer"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Animal and Poultry Sciences","degree_department":"Animal and Poultry Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["McElroy, Audrey P."],"committee_members":["Mullarky, Isis","Dalloul, Rami A."],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-08-13","date_published":"2009-08-13","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:02Z","subjects":["Incubation","Transportation","Broiler","Immune","Vaccination"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-08172009-073906"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-08172009-073906","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34605","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["McElroy, Audrey P."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Mullarky, Isis","Dalloul, Rami A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Sottosanti, Jennifer"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:43:41Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:43:41Z","2013-05-20"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2009-08-13"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Incubation","Transportation","Broiler","Immune","Vaccination"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-08172009-073906"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34605"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Broiler performance is dependent on immunocompetency and the ability to respond to environmental challenges. Incubation temperature, post-hatch transportation, and vaccination may impose stress upon the embryo and post-hatch chick and impact immune system development and lifetime performance of the bird. The objective of the first study was to evaluate incubation temperature and post-hatch transportation environment on response parameters indicative of early immunity in the neonatal chick. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with combinations of eggshell temperatures common to commercial multi-stage incubators during early and late incubation: low (L): 36.7°C, standard (S): 37.5°C, and high (H): 39.0°C. After hatch, chicks were transported under one of two conditions: control (C: 34°C) or distressed (D: 40°C), yielding 8 experimental treatments: LH-C, LS-C, SH-C, SS-C, LH-D, LS-D, SH-D, and SS-D. The objective of the second study was to examine the effects of incubation temperature profiles on response to vaccination in Cobb 500 broilers (n=2000). Temperature treatments were the same as the first study, and embryos were administered vaccinations for Marek's disease virus (MDV) at embryonic day (ED) 18, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at hatch, the combination of MDV+NDV, or no vaccine (control). There were 16 resulting experimental groups: LH-Control, LH-MDV, LH-NDV, LH-MDV+NDV, LS-Control, LS-MDV, LS-NDV, LS-MDV+NDV, SH-Control, SH-MDV, SH-NDV, SH-MDV+NDV, SS-Control, SS-MDV, SS-NDV, and SS-MDV+NDV. Two and three way interactions (P<0.05) were observed for the parameters evaluated and are presented for both studies. These studies suggest an influence of incubation temperature and post-hatch stressors on chick development and early immune response parameters."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Incubation temperature and post-hatch stress effects on immune parameters, immune system development, and performance in commercial broilers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["McElroy, Audrey P."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Mullarky, Isis","Dalloul, Rami A."],"dc:contributor.department":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Sottosanti, Jennifer"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:43:41Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:43:41Z","2013-05-20"],"dc:date.issued":["2009-08-13"],"dc:description.abstract":["Broiler performance is dependent on immunocompetency and the ability to respond to environmental challenges. Incubation temperature, post-hatch transportation, and vaccination may impose stress upon the embryo and post-hatch chick and impact immune system development and lifetime performance of the bird. The objective of the first study was to evaluate incubation temperature and post-hatch transportation environment on response parameters indicative of early immunity in the neonatal chick. Cobb 500 eggs (n=5200) were incubated with combinations of eggshell temperatures common to commercial multi-stage incubators during early and late incubation: low (L): 36.7°C, standard (S): 37.5°C, and high (H): 39.0°C. After hatch, chicks were transported under one of two conditions: control (C: 34°C) or distressed (D: 40°C), yielding 8 experimental treatments: LH-C, LS-C, SH-C, SS-C, LH-D, LS-D, SH-D, and SS-D. The objective of the second study was to examine the effects of incubation temperature profiles on response to vaccination in Cobb 500 broilers (n=2000). Temperature treatments were the same as the first study, and embryos were administered vaccinations for Marek's disease virus (MDV) at embryonic day (ED) 18, Newcastle disease virus (NDV) at hatch, the combination of MDV+NDV, or no vaccine (control). There were 16 resulting experimental groups: LH-Control, LH-MDV, LH-NDV, LH-MDV+NDV, LS-Control, LS-MDV, LS-NDV, LS-MDV+NDV, SH-Control, SH-MDV, SH-NDV, SH-MDV+NDV, SS-Control, SS-MDV, SS-NDV, and SS-MDV+NDV. Two and three way interactions (P<0.05) were observed for the parameters evaluated and are presented for both studies. These studies suggest an influence of incubation temperature and post-hatch stressors on chick development and early immune response parameters."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-08172009-073906"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34605"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Incubation","Transportation","Broiler","Immune","Vaccination"],"dc:title":["Incubation temperature and post-hatch stress effects on immune parameters, immune system development, and performance in commercial broilers"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Animal and Poultry Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:02Z"}