{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/33810"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/33810","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Formation of Aluminum Containing Solids in Drinking Water: Influence on Pb/Cu Corrosion, Al Solubility and Enhanced Softening","abstract":"Aluminum salts are used as the primary coagulants in the majority of United States drinking water treatment plants. Despite decades of practical experience, there are important knowledge gaps regarding the effects of residual Al on distribution system materials as well as specific types of solids formed. The first phase of this work examined the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in copper and lead pipes using water from Denver, Colorado. It was anticipated was that these deposits could form barrier films on the pipe, protecting it from corrosion. However, the deposits had slightly detrimental effects on leaching of metal to water, and higher levels of aluminosilicates could further worsen corrosion by-product release. The second phase of work attempted to extend understanding of aluminum solubility controls by accounting for effects of sulfate and formation of solids other than Al(OH)₃ during water treatment. Sulfate was found to destabilize small Al(OH)₃ colloids resulting in agglomeration into larger flocs from pH 5.0-6.2 . At pH 9.0 and above, Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si solids were discovered to control Al solubility, while also having significant impacts on the precipitation of calcite in the presence of silica and overall softening effectiveness. This could be of considerable importance to water treatment practice. These solids also had some potential for removal of arsenic, TOC and boron.","abstract_html":"Aluminum salts are used as the primary coagulants in the majority of United States drinking water treatment plants. Despite decades of practical experience, there are important knowledge gaps regarding the effects of residual Al on distribution system materials as well as specific types of solids formed. The first phase of this work examined the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in copper and lead pipes using water from Denver, Colorado. It was anticipated was that these deposits could form barrier films on the pipe, protecting it from corrosion. However, the deposits had slightly detrimental effects on leaching of metal to water, and higher levels of aluminosilicates could further worsen corrosion by-product release. The second phase of work attempted to extend understanding of aluminum solubility controls by accounting for effects of sulfate and formation of solids other than Al(OH)₃ during water treatment. Sulfate was found to destabilize small Al(OH)₃ colloids resulting in agglomeration into larger flocs from pH 5.0-6.2 . At pH 9.0 and above, Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si solids were discovered to control Al solubility, while also having significant impacts on the precipitation of calcite in the presence of silica and overall softening effectiveness. This could be of considerable importance to water treatment practice. These solids also had some potential for removal of arsenic, TOC and boron.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kvech, Steven Joseph"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Environmental Planning","degree_department":"Environmental Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Edwards, Marc A."],"committee_members":["Dietrich, Andrea M.","Knocke, William R."],"year":2001,"date_issued":"2001-05-10","date_published":"2001-05-10","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:41Z","subjects":["coagulation","magnesium","lead corrosion","softening","silica","copper corrosion","aluminum"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-06292001-090818"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-06292001-090818","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33810","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Edwards, Marc A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Dietrich, Andrea M.","Knocke, William R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Environmental Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kvech, Steven Joseph"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:40:47Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:40:47Z","2002-07-26"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2001-05-10"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Environmental Planning"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["coagulation","magnesium","lead corrosion","softening","silica","copper corrosion","aluminum"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-06292001-090818"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33810"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Aluminum salts are used as the primary coagulants in the majority of United States drinking water treatment plants. Despite decades of practical experience, there are important knowledge gaps regarding the effects of residual Al on distribution system materials as well as specific types of solids formed. The first phase of this work examined the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in copper and lead pipes using water from Denver, Colorado. It was anticipated was that these deposits could form barrier films on the pipe, protecting it from corrosion. However, the deposits had slightly detrimental effects on leaching of metal to water, and higher levels of aluminosilicates could further worsen corrosion by-product release. The second phase of work attempted to extend understanding of aluminum solubility controls by accounting for effects of sulfate and formation of solids other than Al(OH)₃ during water treatment. Sulfate was found to destabilize small Al(OH)₃ colloids resulting in agglomeration into larger flocs from pH 5.0-6.2 . At pH 9.0 and above, Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si solids were discovered to control Al solubility, while also having significant impacts on the precipitation of calcite in the presence of silica and overall softening effectiveness. This could be of considerable importance to water treatment practice. These solids also had some potential for removal of arsenic, TOC and boron."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Formation of Aluminum Containing Solids in Drinking Water: Influence on Pb/Cu Corrosion, Al Solubility and Enhanced Softening"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Edwards, Marc A."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Dietrich, Andrea M.","Knocke, William R."],"dc:contributor.department":["Environmental Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Kvech, Steven Joseph"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:40:47Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:40:47Z","2002-07-26"],"dc:date.issued":["2001-05-10"],"dc:description.abstract":["Aluminum salts are used as the primary coagulants in the majority of United States drinking water treatment plants. Despite decades of practical experience, there are important knowledge gaps regarding the effects of residual Al on distribution system materials as well as specific types of solids formed. The first phase of this work examined the formation of aluminosilicate deposits in copper and lead pipes using water from Denver, Colorado. It was anticipated was that these deposits could form barrier films on the pipe, protecting it from corrosion. However, the deposits had slightly detrimental effects on leaching of metal to water, and higher levels of aluminosilicates could further worsen corrosion by-product release. The second phase of work attempted to extend understanding of aluminum solubility controls by accounting for effects of sulfate and formation of solids other than Al(OH)₃ during water treatment. Sulfate was found to destabilize small Al(OH)₃ colloids resulting in agglomeration into larger flocs from pH 5.0-6.2 . At pH 9.0 and above, Al-Mg, Al-Mg-Si and Al-Si solids were discovered to control Al solubility, while also having significant impacts on the precipitation of calcite in the presence of silica and overall softening effectiveness. This could be of considerable importance to water treatment practice. These solids also had some potential for removal of arsenic, TOC and boron."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-06292001-090818"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33810"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["coagulation","magnesium","lead corrosion","softening","silica","copper corrosion","aluminum"],"dc:title":["Formation of Aluminum Containing Solids in Drinking Water: Influence on Pb/Cu Corrosion, Al Solubility and Enhanced Softening"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Environmental Planning"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:41Z"}