{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/32265"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/32265","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium in Recovery Studies from Stainless Steel","abstract":"To compare the optimum recoveries of an inoculation of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium, fluorescent microspheres (1.0 μm diameter, carboxylate-modified, crimson FluoSpheres®, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), or a combination of both from stainless steel, three recovery methods, including a standard rinse, a one-ply composite tissue (Kimwipe®) or a sonicating brush were used. Findings were used to assess the effectiveness of fluorescent microspheres as surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium. For each method, ten coupons (304 grade, 2.5 x 8 cm) were inoculated with either 100 μl of a <i>S.</i> Typhimurium culture, or a solution of fluorescent microspheres, or both, at approximate concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup>. After drying for one hour, coupons were sampled using either a rinse of 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) for one min, a Kimwipe® tissue method, or submerged in PBS and subjected to a sonicating brush for one min. After treatments, PBS solutions were analyzed using duplicate plate counting (<i>Salmonella</i>) or hemacytometry (microspheres). For microspheres and <i>Salmonella</i>, recovery by sonicating brush > rinse > Kimwipe® method. Additionally, the retention of microspheres on the steel ranged from 16 to 25% (mean from five coupons each recovery method). Microspheres yielded a significantly higher recovery rate (11 – 60%) than <i>Salmonella</i> (~1%) for each recovery method, therefore the microspheres used in this study, are not appropriate surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium for future recovery studies on stainless steel. However, due to their low standard deviations for their mean percent recovery, they hold the opportunity to provide better accuracy and reproducibility.","abstract_html":"To compare the optimum recoveries of an inoculation of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella enterica&lt;/i&gt; serotype Typhimurium, fluorescent microspheres (1.0 μm diameter, carboxylate-modified, crimson FluoSpheres®, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), or a combination of both from stainless steel, three recovery methods, including a standard rinse, a one-ply composite tissue (Kimwipe®) or a sonicating brush were used. Findings were used to assess the effectiveness of fluorescent microspheres as surrogates for &lt;i&gt;S.&lt;/i&gt; Typhimurium. For each method, ten coupons (304 grade, 2.5 x 8 cm) were inoculated with either 100 μl of a &lt;i&gt;S.&lt;/i&gt; Typhimurium culture, or a solution of fluorescent microspheres, or both, at approximate concentrations of 10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;. After drying for one hour, coupons were sampled using either a rinse of 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) for one min, a Kimwipe® tissue method, or submerged in PBS and subjected to a sonicating brush for one min. After treatments, PBS solutions were analyzed using duplicate plate counting (&lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;) or hemacytometry (microspheres). For microspheres and &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;, recovery by sonicating brush &gt; rinse &gt; Kimwipe® method. Additionally, the retention of microspheres on the steel ranged from 16 to 25% (mean from five coupons each recovery method). Microspheres yielded a significantly higher recovery rate (11 – 60%) than &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt; (~1%) for each recovery method, therefore the microspheres used in this study, are not appropriate surrogates for &lt;i&gt;S.&lt;/i&gt; Typhimurium for future recovery studies on stainless steel. However, due to their low standard deviations for their mean percent recovery, they hold the opportunity to provide better accuracy and reproducibility.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Baker, Rebecca Dain"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Food Science and Technology","degree_department":"Food Science and Technology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Eifert, Joseph D."],"committee_members":["Boyer, Renee R.","Melville, Stephen B.","Sumner, Susan S."],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-04-29","date_published":"2008-04-29","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:23Z","subjects":["Salmonella Typhimurium","stainless steel","microspheres","bacterial recovery"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05062008-132810"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-05062008-132810","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32265","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Eifert, Joseph D."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Boyer, Renee R.","Melville, Stephen B.","Sumner, Susan S."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Food Science and Technology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Baker, Rebecca Dain"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:35:20Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:35:20Z","2008-05-30"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2008-04-29"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Food Science and Technology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Salmonella Typhimurium","stainless steel","microspheres","bacterial recovery"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-05062008-132810"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32265"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["To compare the optimum recoveries of an inoculation of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium, fluorescent microspheres (1.0 μm diameter, carboxylate-modified, crimson FluoSpheres®, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), or a combination of both from stainless steel, three recovery methods, including a standard rinse, a one-ply composite tissue (Kimwipe®) or a sonicating brush were used. Findings were used to assess the effectiveness of fluorescent microspheres as surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium. For each method, ten coupons (304 grade, 2.5 x 8 cm) were inoculated with either 100 μl of a <i>S.</i> Typhimurium culture, or a solution of fluorescent microspheres, or both, at approximate concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup>. After drying for one hour, coupons were sampled using either a rinse of 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) for one min, a Kimwipe® tissue method, or submerged in PBS and subjected to a sonicating brush for one min. After treatments, PBS solutions were analyzed using duplicate plate counting (<i>Salmonella</i>) or hemacytometry (microspheres). For microspheres and <i>Salmonella</i>, recovery by sonicating brush > rinse > Kimwipe® method. Additionally, the retention of microspheres on the steel ranged from 16 to 25% (mean from five coupons each recovery method). Microspheres yielded a significantly higher recovery rate (11 – 60%) than <i>Salmonella</i> (~1%) for each recovery method, therefore the microspheres used in this study, are not appropriate surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium for future recovery studies on stainless steel. However, due to their low standard deviations for their mean percent recovery, they hold the opportunity to provide better accuracy and reproducibility."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium in Recovery Studies from Stainless Steel"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Eifert, Joseph D."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Boyer, Renee R.","Melville, Stephen B.","Sumner, Susan S."],"dc:contributor.department":["Food Science and Technology"],"dc:creator":["Baker, Rebecca Dain"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:35:20Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:35:20Z","2008-05-30"],"dc:date.issued":["2008-04-29"],"dc:description.abstract":["To compare the optimum recoveries of an inoculation of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium, fluorescent microspheres (1.0 μm diameter, carboxylate-modified, crimson FluoSpheres®, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR), or a combination of both from stainless steel, three recovery methods, including a standard rinse, a one-ply composite tissue (Kimwipe®) or a sonicating brush were used. Findings were used to assess the effectiveness of fluorescent microspheres as surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium. For each method, ten coupons (304 grade, 2.5 x 8 cm) were inoculated with either 100 μl of a <i>S.</i> Typhimurium culture, or a solution of fluorescent microspheres, or both, at approximate concentrations of 10<sup>6</sup>. After drying for one hour, coupons were sampled using either a rinse of 100 ml of phosphate buffered saline solution (PBS) for one min, a Kimwipe® tissue method, or submerged in PBS and subjected to a sonicating brush for one min. After treatments, PBS solutions were analyzed using duplicate plate counting (<i>Salmonella</i>) or hemacytometry (microspheres). For microspheres and <i>Salmonella</i>, recovery by sonicating brush > rinse > Kimwipe® method. Additionally, the retention of microspheres on the steel ranged from 16 to 25% (mean from five coupons each recovery method). Microspheres yielded a significantly higher recovery rate (11 – 60%) than <i>Salmonella</i> (~1%) for each recovery method, therefore the microspheres used in this study, are not appropriate surrogates for <i>S.</i> Typhimurium for future recovery studies on stainless steel. However, due to their low standard deviations for their mean percent recovery, they hold the opportunity to provide better accuracy and reproducibility."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-05062008-132810"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32265"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Salmonella Typhimurium","stainless steel","microspheres","bacterial recovery"],"dc:title":["Fluorescent Microspheres as Surrogates for <i>Salmonella enterica</i> serotype Typhimurium in Recovery Studies from Stainless Steel"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Food Science and Technology"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:23Z"}