{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/31791"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/31791","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Finite Element Simulation of the MRTA Test of a Human Tibia","abstract":"The mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA) tests long bone quality through low frequency, low amplitude vibration in vivo. The MRTA measures complex stiffness over a range of low frequencies, offering a wealth of information on bone composition. Previous MRTA interpretation used lumped parameter algorithms focused on reliably estimating the bone's bending stiffness (EI). To interpret the stiffness response, the first finite element (FE) simulation of the MRTA test of a human tibia was developed to identify dominant parameters that will possibly make linear prediction algorithms more suitable for estimating bone quality. Five FE models were developed in stages by adding complexity. Starting with a solid mesh of the diaphysis, each model was created from its predecessor by sequentially adding: a medullary canal, linear elastic (LE) cancellous epiphyses, linear viscoelastic (LVE) cancellous and cortical bone, and a LVE skin layer. The models were simulated in vibration using a direct steady-state dynamics procedure in ABAQUS to calculate the complex stiffness response. Natural frequency analysis (ABAQUS) verified that the FE models accurately reproduced previous experimental and computational resonances for human tibiae. A solid, LE cortex roughly matched the dominant frequency from experimental MRTA raw data. Adding the medullary canal and LVE properties to bone did not greatly spread the peak or shift the resonant frequency. Adding the skin layer broadened the peak response to better match the MRTA experimental response. These results demonstrate a simulation of the MRTA response based upon published geometries and material data that captures the essence of the instrument.","abstract_html":"The mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA) tests long bone quality through low frequency, low amplitude vibration in vivo. The MRTA measures complex stiffness over a range of low frequencies, offering a wealth of information on bone composition. Previous MRTA interpretation used lumped parameter algorithms focused on reliably estimating the bone's bending stiffness (EI). To interpret the stiffness response, the first finite element (FE) simulation of the MRTA test of a human tibia was developed to identify dominant parameters that will possibly make linear prediction algorithms more suitable for estimating bone quality. Five FE models were developed in stages by adding complexity. Starting with a solid mesh of the diaphysis, each model was created from its predecessor by sequentially adding: a medullary canal, linear elastic (LE) cancellous epiphyses, linear viscoelastic (LVE) cancellous and cortical bone, and a LVE skin layer. The models were simulated in vibration using a direct steady-state dynamics procedure in ABAQUS to calculate the complex stiffness response. Natural frequency analysis (ABAQUS) verified that the FE models accurately reproduced previous experimental and computational resonances for human tibiae. A solid, LE cortex roughly matched the dominant frequency from experimental MRTA raw data. Adding the medullary canal and LVE properties to bone did not greatly spread the peak or shift the resonant frequency. Adding the skin layer broadened the peak response to better match the MRTA experimental response. These results demonstrate a simulation of the MRTA response based upon published geometries and material data that captures the essence of the instrument.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Ragone, Jared George"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Biomedical Engineering and Sciences","degree_department":"Biomedical Engineering and Sciences","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Cotton, John R."],"committee_members":["Carneal, James P.","Herbert, William G."],"year":2006,"date_issued":"2006-04-12","date_published":"2006-04-12","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:21Z","subjects":["MRTA","vibration","finite element modeling","tibia"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04202006-135139"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-04202006-135139","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31791","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Cotton, John R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Carneal, James P.","Herbert, William G."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Biomedical Engineering and Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Ragone, Jared George"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:33:56Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:33:56Z","2012-04-12"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2006-04-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biomedical Engineering and Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["MRTA","vibration","finite element modeling","tibia"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-04202006-135139"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31791"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA) tests long bone quality through low frequency, low amplitude vibration in vivo. The MRTA measures complex stiffness over a range of low frequencies, offering a wealth of information on bone composition. Previous MRTA interpretation used lumped parameter algorithms focused on reliably estimating the bone's bending stiffness (EI). To interpret the stiffness response, the first finite element (FE) simulation of the MRTA test of a human tibia was developed to identify dominant parameters that will possibly make linear prediction algorithms more suitable for estimating bone quality. Five FE models were developed in stages by adding complexity. Starting with a solid mesh of the diaphysis, each model was created from its predecessor by sequentially adding: a medullary canal, linear elastic (LE) cancellous epiphyses, linear viscoelastic (LVE) cancellous and cortical bone, and a LVE skin layer. The models were simulated in vibration using a direct steady-state dynamics procedure in ABAQUS to calculate the complex stiffness response. Natural frequency analysis (ABAQUS) verified that the FE models accurately reproduced previous experimental and computational resonances for human tibiae. A solid, LE cortex roughly matched the dominant frequency from experimental MRTA raw data. Adding the medullary canal and LVE properties to bone did not greatly spread the peak or shift the resonant frequency. Adding the skin layer broadened the peak response to better match the MRTA experimental response. These results demonstrate a simulation of the MRTA response based upon published geometries and material data that captures the essence of the instrument."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Finite Element Simulation of the MRTA Test of a Human Tibia"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Cotton, John R."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Carneal, James P.","Herbert, William G."],"dc:contributor.department":["Biomedical Engineering and Sciences"],"dc:creator":["Ragone, Jared George"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:33:56Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:33:56Z","2012-04-12"],"dc:date.issued":["2006-04-12"],"dc:description.abstract":["The mechanical response tissue analyzer (MRTA) tests long bone quality through low frequency, low amplitude vibration in vivo. The MRTA measures complex stiffness over a range of low frequencies, offering a wealth of information on bone composition. Previous MRTA interpretation used lumped parameter algorithms focused on reliably estimating the bone's bending stiffness (EI). To interpret the stiffness response, the first finite element (FE) simulation of the MRTA test of a human tibia was developed to identify dominant parameters that will possibly make linear prediction algorithms more suitable for estimating bone quality. Five FE models were developed in stages by adding complexity. Starting with a solid mesh of the diaphysis, each model was created from its predecessor by sequentially adding: a medullary canal, linear elastic (LE) cancellous epiphyses, linear viscoelastic (LVE) cancellous and cortical bone, and a LVE skin layer. The models were simulated in vibration using a direct steady-state dynamics procedure in ABAQUS to calculate the complex stiffness response. Natural frequency analysis (ABAQUS) verified that the FE models accurately reproduced previous experimental and computational resonances for human tibiae. A solid, LE cortex roughly matched the dominant frequency from experimental MRTA raw data. Adding the medullary canal and LVE properties to bone did not greatly spread the peak or shift the resonant frequency. Adding the skin layer broadened the peak response to better match the MRTA experimental response. These results demonstrate a simulation of the MRTA response based upon published geometries and material data that captures the essence of the instrument."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-04202006-135139"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31791"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["MRTA","vibration","finite element modeling","tibia"],"dc:title":["Finite Element Simulation of the MRTA Test of a Human Tibia"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biomedical Engineering and Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:21Z"}