{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30946"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30946","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"A Social Cognitive Model of Creatine Use Among Male, Recreational Weight-Lifters","abstract":"This study investigated social cognitive determinants of creatine supplementation among 171 male, undergraduate, recreational weight-lifters. Participants responded to a packet of questionnaires that assessed their history and rate of creatine use, self-efficacy for improving their workout performance with and without creatine, and expected outcomes of improved workout performance and creatine use, as well as several other demographic variables. Fifty percent of the sample reported past creatine use. The data was used to establish the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and predictive validity of factor-based scales for valued outcome expectancies and disincentives for creatine use scales. A social cognitive model was shown to predict past creatine use (R² = .372). The results lay the groundwork for further examination of the determinants of creatine supplementation and the use of other controversial and potentially harmful performance-enhancing dietary supplements.","abstract_html":"This study investigated social cognitive determinants of creatine supplementation among 171 male, undergraduate, recreational weight-lifters. Participants responded to a packet of questionnaires that assessed their history and rate of creatine use, self-efficacy for improving their workout performance with and without creatine, and expected outcomes of improved workout performance and creatine use, as well as several other demographic variables. Fifty percent of the sample reported past creatine use. The data was used to establish the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and predictive validity of factor-based scales for valued outcome expectancies and disincentives for creatine use scales. A social cognitive model was shown to predict past creatine use (R² = .372). The results lay the groundwork for further examination of the determinants of creatine supplementation and the use of other controversial and potentially harmful performance-enhancing dietary supplements.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Williams, David Michael"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":"Psychology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Winett, Richard A."],"committee_members":["Anderson, Eileen S.","Stephens, Robert S."],"year":2000,"date_issued":"2000-12-15","date_published":"2000-12-15","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:42Z","subjects":["Creatine","Weight-Lifters","Social Cognitive"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01152001-142946"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-01152001-142946","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30946","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Winett, Richard A."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Anderson, Eileen S.","Stephens, Robert S."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Williams, David Michael"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:30:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:30:39Z","2002-01-16"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2000-12-15"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Creatine","Weight-Lifters","Social Cognitive"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01152001-142946"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30946"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study investigated social cognitive determinants of creatine supplementation among 171 male, undergraduate, recreational weight-lifters. Participants responded to a packet of questionnaires that assessed their history and rate of creatine use, self-efficacy for improving their workout performance with and without creatine, and expected outcomes of improved workout performance and creatine use, as well as several other demographic variables. Fifty percent of the sample reported past creatine use. The data was used to establish the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and predictive validity of factor-based scales for valued outcome expectancies and disincentives for creatine use scales. A social cognitive model was shown to predict past creatine use (R² = .372). The results lay the groundwork for further examination of the determinants of creatine supplementation and the use of other controversial and potentially harmful performance-enhancing dietary supplements."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Social Cognitive Model of Creatine Use Among Male, Recreational Weight-Lifters"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Winett, Richard A."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Anderson, Eileen S.","Stephens, Robert S."],"dc:contributor.department":["Psychology"],"dc:creator":["Williams, David Michael"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:30:39Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:30:39Z","2002-01-16"],"dc:date.issued":["2000-12-15"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study investigated social cognitive determinants of creatine supplementation among 171 male, undergraduate, recreational weight-lifters. Participants responded to a packet of questionnaires that assessed their history and rate of creatine use, self-efficacy for improving their workout performance with and without creatine, and expected outcomes of improved workout performance and creatine use, as well as several other demographic variables. Fifty percent of the sample reported past creatine use. The data was used to establish the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and predictive validity of factor-based scales for valued outcome expectancies and disincentives for creatine use scales. A social cognitive model was shown to predict past creatine use (R² = .372). The results lay the groundwork for further examination of the determinants of creatine supplementation and the use of other controversial and potentially harmful performance-enhancing dietary supplements."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-01152001-142946"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30946"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Creatine","Weight-Lifters","Social Cognitive"],"dc:title":["A Social Cognitive Model of Creatine Use Among Male, Recreational Weight-Lifters"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:42Z"}