{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30832"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30832","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Effects of bodyweight and plane of nutrition on mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts in cell culture, mammary growth and development, and protein expression profiles of mammary tissue in Holstein heifers","abstract":"Mammary gland samples from a large serial-slaughter Holstein heifer nutrition trial were used to determine the effects of stage of development and nutritional management on mitogenic activity of mammary extracts and mammary parenchymal composition. Stage of development and nutritional management of heifers had minimal effects on the mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts, and no significant effects on tissue composition. Two-dimensional proteome maps of heifer mammary extracts were constructed for heifers weighing 200 and 350 kg, respectively at slaughter. Proteins altered by stage of development and/or nutrition were quantified and identified; 820 total protein spots were analyzed. The expression of 131 protein spots differed by dietary treatment only. Stage of development altered the expression of 108 protein spots. Twenty-two protein spots were excised from gels for mass spectrometry analyses. Database searches for proteins with shared primary amino acid sequences were used to identify the proteins. Possible roles of these proteins in mammary development were described. In summary, heifers can be reared on high planes of nutrition without impairing mammary development, but mechanisms governing nutritional and temporal control of mammary development demand further investigation.","abstract_html":"Mammary gland samples from a large serial-slaughter Holstein heifer nutrition trial were used to determine the effects of stage of development and nutritional management on mitogenic activity of mammary extracts and mammary parenchymal composition. Stage of development and nutritional management of heifers had minimal effects on the mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts, and no significant effects on tissue composition. Two-dimensional proteome maps of heifer mammary extracts were constructed for heifers weighing 200 and 350 kg, respectively at slaughter. Proteins altered by stage of development and/or nutrition were quantified and identified; 820 total protein spots were analyzed. The expression of 131 protein spots differed by dietary treatment only. Stage of development altered the expression of 108 protein spots. Twenty-two protein spots were excised from gels for mass spectrometry analyses. Database searches for proteins with shared primary amino acid sequences were used to identify the proteins. Possible roles of these proteins in mammary development were described. In summary, heifers can be reared on high planes of nutrition without impairing mammary development, but mechanisms governing nutritional and temporal control of mammary development demand further investigation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Daniels, Kristy M."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Dairy Science","degree_department":"Dairy Science","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Akers, Robert Michael"],"committee_members":[],"year":2004,"date_issued":"2004-12-16","date_published":"2004-12-16","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:00Z","subjects":["development","Nutrition","mammary","heifer","proteome"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01062005-143006"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-01062005-143006","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30832","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Akers, Robert Michael"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Daniels, Kristy M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:30:13Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:30:13Z","2005-01-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2004-12-16"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Dairy Science"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["development","Nutrition","mammary","heifer","proteome"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-01062005-143006"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30832"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Mammary gland samples from a large serial-slaughter Holstein heifer nutrition trial were used to determine the effects of stage of development and nutritional management on mitogenic activity of mammary extracts and mammary parenchymal composition. Stage of development and nutritional management of heifers had minimal effects on the mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts, and no significant effects on tissue composition. Two-dimensional proteome maps of heifer mammary extracts were constructed for heifers weighing 200 and 350 kg, respectively at slaughter. Proteins altered by stage of development and/or nutrition were quantified and identified; 820 total protein spots were analyzed. The expression of 131 protein spots differed by dietary treatment only. Stage of development altered the expression of 108 protein spots. Twenty-two protein spots were excised from gels for mass spectrometry analyses. Database searches for proteins with shared primary amino acid sequences were used to identify the proteins. Possible roles of these proteins in mammary development were described. In summary, heifers can be reared on high planes of nutrition without impairing mammary development, but mechanisms governing nutritional and temporal control of mammary development demand further investigation."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of bodyweight and plane of nutrition on mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts in cell culture, mammary growth and development, and protein expression profiles of mammary tissue in Holstein heifers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Akers, Robert Michael"],"dc:contributor.department":["Dairy Science"],"dc:creator":["Daniels, Kristy M."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:30:13Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:30:13Z","2005-01-07"],"dc:date.issued":["2004-12-16"],"dc:description.abstract":["Mammary gland samples from a large serial-slaughter Holstein heifer nutrition trial were used to determine the effects of stage of development and nutritional management on mitogenic activity of mammary extracts and mammary parenchymal composition. Stage of development and nutritional management of heifers had minimal effects on the mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts, and no significant effects on tissue composition. Two-dimensional proteome maps of heifer mammary extracts were constructed for heifers weighing 200 and 350 kg, respectively at slaughter. Proteins altered by stage of development and/or nutrition were quantified and identified; 820 total protein spots were analyzed. The expression of 131 protein spots differed by dietary treatment only. Stage of development altered the expression of 108 protein spots. Twenty-two protein spots were excised from gels for mass spectrometry analyses. Database searches for proteins with shared primary amino acid sequences were used to identify the proteins. Possible roles of these proteins in mammary development were described. In summary, heifers can be reared on high planes of nutrition without impairing mammary development, but mechanisms governing nutritional and temporal control of mammary development demand further investigation."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-01062005-143006"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30832"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["development","Nutrition","mammary","heifer","proteome"],"dc:title":["Effects of bodyweight and plane of nutrition on mitogenic capacity of mammary extracts in cell culture, mammary growth and development, and protein expression profiles of mammary tissue in Holstein heifers"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Dairy Science"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:00Z"}