{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30443"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/30443","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Effect of Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Glycogen Resynthesis and Muscle Damage Induced By Eccentric Resistance Exercise","abstract":"This study examined effects of carbohydrate (C), carbohydrate-protein (CP), or placebo (P) beverages following eccentric resistance exercise on muscle damage by serum creatine kinase (CK), muscle protein breakdown by urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), muscle soreness, isokinetic muscle strength, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and serum hormones. Untrained males (N=26) underwent a 9-day controlled meat-free diet and 24 hr urine collections. To reduce glycogen, subjects cycled for 40 min at 70% of VO<sub>2peak </sub>followed by 5 cycling sprints on day 4 evening. On day 5, fasted subjects performed 100 eccentric leg flexions at 120% of 1-RM and drank C (n=8, 1.25 g C/kg), CP (n=9, 0.875 g C/kg, 0.375 g protein/kg), or P (n=9) beverages immediate post-exercise (IPE) and 2 hr later. Muscle biopsies were taken IPE on day 5, and days 6 and 8 mornings. Blood was obtained days 4-10 fasted plus IPE, 3 hr, and 6 hr post-exercise on day 5. At 3 hr on day 5, insulin was higher for CP (24.6 ( 15.5 &amp;#181;IU/ml) and C (17.2 +/- 10.9 &amp;#181;IU/ml) than P (5.3 +/- 0.4 &amp;#181;IU/ml, p<.05). Glycogen was low on day 5, partially recovered on day 6, and normal by day 8 (p<.01) with no difference among groups. Isokinetic quadriceps peak torque at 60<sup>o</sup>/s decreased 24% on day 6 and remained depressed by 21% on d 8 (p<.01) for all groups. Soreness peaked on day 7 and CK on day 8 (p<.01) with no differences by group. CK increased (p<.01) over day 5 (delta CP 24.6 +/- 19.1, delta P 39.2 +/- 71.6, delta C 70.8 +/- 60.4 U/L) and was highest for C (p<.05). On day 5, CP had lowest 3MH (193.0 +/- 13.8 &amp;#181;mol/d) versus C (251.1 +/- 22.5 &amp;#181;mol/d, p<.05). Testosterone at 3 hr on day 5 was lower for C (4.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and CP (4.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) versus P (5.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p<.05). In summary, glycogen, muscle strength and soreness were unaffected by beverage. However, a CP beverage may be beneficial for reducing muscle damage and protein breakdown on the day of eccentric resistance exercise.","abstract_html":"This study examined effects of carbohydrate (C), carbohydrate-protein (CP), or placebo (P) beverages following eccentric resistance exercise on muscle damage by serum creatine kinase (CK), muscle protein breakdown by urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), muscle soreness, isokinetic muscle strength, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and serum hormones. Untrained males (N=26) underwent a 9-day controlled meat-free diet and 24 hr urine collections. To reduce glycogen, subjects cycled for 40 min at 70% of VO&lt;sub&gt;2peak &lt;/sub&gt;followed by 5 cycling sprints on day 4 evening. On day 5, fasted subjects performed 100 eccentric leg flexions at 120% of 1-RM and drank C (n=8, 1.25 g C/kg), CP (n=9, 0.875 g C/kg, 0.375 g protein/kg), or P (n=9) beverages immediate post-exercise (IPE) and 2 hr later. Muscle biopsies were taken IPE on day 5, and days 6 and 8 mornings. Blood was obtained days 4-10 fasted plus IPE, 3 hr, and 6 hr post-exercise on day 5. At 3 hr on day 5, insulin was higher for CP (24.6 ( 15.5 &amp;amp;#181;IU/ml) and C (17.2 +/- 10.9 &amp;amp;#181;IU/ml) than P (5.3 +/- 0.4 &amp;amp;#181;IU/ml, p&lt;.05). Glycogen was low on day 5, partially recovered on day 6, and normal by day 8 (p&lt;.01) with no difference among groups. Isokinetic quadriceps peak torque at 60&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;/s decreased 24% on day 6 and remained depressed by 21% on d 8 (p&lt;.01) for all groups. Soreness peaked on day 7 and CK on day 8 (p&lt;.01) with no differences by group. CK increased (p&lt;.01) over day 5 (delta CP 24.6 +/- 19.1, delta P 39.2 +/- 71.6, delta C 70.8 +/- 60.4 U/L) and was highest for C (p&lt;.05). On day 5, CP had lowest 3MH (193.0 +/- 13.8 &amp;amp;#181;mol/d) versus C (251.1 +/- 22.5 &amp;amp;#181;mol/d, p&lt;.05). Testosterone at 3 hr on day 5 was lower for C (4.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and CP (4.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) versus P (5.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p&lt;.05). In summary, glycogen, muscle strength and soreness were unaffected by beverage. However, a CP beverage may be beneficial for reducing muscle damage and protein breakdown on the day of eccentric resistance exercise.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Wojcik, Janet Regina"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Ph. D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise","degree_department":"Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Rankin, Janet L. Walberg"],"committee_members":["Thye, Forrest W.","Williams, Jay H.","Schulman, Robert S.","Gwazdauskas, Francis C."],"year":1998,"date_issued":"1998-04-17","date_published":"1998-04-17","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:49Z","subjects":["creatine kinase","3-methylhistidine","insulin","testosterone","cortisol"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-32498-13160"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-32498-13160","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30443","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Rankin, Janet L. Walberg"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Thye, Forrest W.","Williams, Jay H.","Schulman, Robert S.","Gwazdauskas, Francis C."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Wojcik, Janet Regina"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:21:44Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:21:44Z","1999-04-27"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1998-04-17"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["creatine kinase","3-methylhistidine","insulin","testosterone","cortisol"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-32498-13160"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30443"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study examined effects of carbohydrate (C), carbohydrate-protein (CP), or placebo (P) beverages following eccentric resistance exercise on muscle damage by serum creatine kinase (CK), muscle protein breakdown by urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), muscle soreness, isokinetic muscle strength, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and serum hormones. Untrained males (N=26) underwent a 9-day controlled meat-free diet and 24 hr urine collections. To reduce glycogen, subjects cycled for 40 min at 70% of VO<sub>2peak </sub>followed by 5 cycling sprints on day 4 evening. On day 5, fasted subjects performed 100 eccentric leg flexions at 120% of 1-RM and drank C (n=8, 1.25 g C/kg), CP (n=9, 0.875 g C/kg, 0.375 g protein/kg), or P (n=9) beverages immediate post-exercise (IPE) and 2 hr later. Muscle biopsies were taken IPE on day 5, and days 6 and 8 mornings. Blood was obtained days 4-10 fasted plus IPE, 3 hr, and 6 hr post-exercise on day 5. At 3 hr on day 5, insulin was higher for CP (24.6 ( 15.5 &amp;#181;IU/ml) and C (17.2 +/- 10.9 &amp;#181;IU/ml) than P (5.3 +/- 0.4 &amp;#181;IU/ml, p<.05). Glycogen was low on day 5, partially recovered on day 6, and normal by day 8 (p<.01) with no difference among groups. Isokinetic quadriceps peak torque at 60<sup>o</sup>/s decreased 24% on day 6 and remained depressed by 21% on d 8 (p<.01) for all groups. Soreness peaked on day 7 and CK on day 8 (p<.01) with no differences by group. CK increased (p<.01) over day 5 (delta CP 24.6 +/- 19.1, delta P 39.2 +/- 71.6, delta C 70.8 +/- 60.4 U/L) and was highest for C (p<.05). On day 5, CP had lowest 3MH (193.0 +/- 13.8 &amp;#181;mol/d) versus C (251.1 +/- 22.5 &amp;#181;mol/d, p<.05). Testosterone at 3 hr on day 5 was lower for C (4.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and CP (4.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) versus P (5.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p<.05). In summary, glycogen, muscle strength and soreness were unaffected by beverage. However, a CP beverage may be beneficial for reducing muscle damage and protein breakdown on the day of eccentric resistance exercise."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effect of Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Glycogen Resynthesis and Muscle Damage Induced By Eccentric Resistance Exercise"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Rankin, Janet L. Walberg"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Thye, Forrest W.","Williams, Jay H.","Schulman, Robert S.","Gwazdauskas, Francis C."],"dc:contributor.department":["Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise"],"dc:creator":["Wojcik, Janet Regina"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:21:44Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:21:44Z","1999-04-27"],"dc:date.issued":["1998-04-17"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study examined effects of carbohydrate (C), carbohydrate-protein (CP), or placebo (P) beverages following eccentric resistance exercise on muscle damage by serum creatine kinase (CK), muscle protein breakdown by urinary 3-methylhistidine (3MH), muscle soreness, isokinetic muscle strength, muscle glycogen resynthesis, and serum hormones. Untrained males (N=26) underwent a 9-day controlled meat-free diet and 24 hr urine collections. To reduce glycogen, subjects cycled for 40 min at 70% of VO<sub>2peak </sub>followed by 5 cycling sprints on day 4 evening. On day 5, fasted subjects performed 100 eccentric leg flexions at 120% of 1-RM and drank C (n=8, 1.25 g C/kg), CP (n=9, 0.875 g C/kg, 0.375 g protein/kg), or P (n=9) beverages immediate post-exercise (IPE) and 2 hr later. Muscle biopsies were taken IPE on day 5, and days 6 and 8 mornings. Blood was obtained days 4-10 fasted plus IPE, 3 hr, and 6 hr post-exercise on day 5. At 3 hr on day 5, insulin was higher for CP (24.6 ( 15.5 &amp;#181;IU/ml) and C (17.2 +/- 10.9 &amp;#181;IU/ml) than P (5.3 +/- 0.4 &amp;#181;IU/ml, p<.05). Glycogen was low on day 5, partially recovered on day 6, and normal by day 8 (p<.01) with no difference among groups. Isokinetic quadriceps peak torque at 60<sup>o</sup>/s decreased 24% on day 6 and remained depressed by 21% on d 8 (p<.01) for all groups. Soreness peaked on day 7 and CK on day 8 (p<.01) with no differences by group. CK increased (p<.01) over day 5 (delta CP 24.6 +/- 19.1, delta P 39.2 +/- 71.6, delta C 70.8 +/- 60.4 U/L) and was highest for C (p<.05). On day 5, CP had lowest 3MH (193.0 +/- 13.8 &amp;#181;mol/d) versus C (251.1 +/- 22.5 &amp;#181;mol/d, p<.05). Testosterone at 3 hr on day 5 was lower for C (4.2 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) and CP (4.3 +/- 0.3 ng/ml) versus P (5.1 +/- 0.2 ng/ml, p<.05). In summary, glycogen, muscle strength and soreness were unaffected by beverage. However, a CP beverage may be beneficial for reducing muscle damage and protein breakdown on the day of eccentric resistance exercise."],"dc:description.degree":["Ph. D."],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-32498-13160"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30443"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["creatine kinase","3-methylhistidine","insulin","testosterone","cortisol"],"dc:title":["Effect of Carbohydrate-Protein Beverage on Glycogen Resynthesis and Muscle Damage Induced By Eccentric Resistance Exercise"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:49Z"}