{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/28098"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/28098","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Modified Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Glucose and Glutamate Using Mediated Electron Transport","abstract":"The main goal of this research was to develop an easy to prepare and sensitive biosensor that would be able to detect glutamate in solution using ionic self-assembly methods. This was accomplished by preparing an ionically-self-assembled monolayer that included an electron transport mediator and an enzyme that would generate a current proportional to the concentration of analytes in solution. Biosensors were produced for the detection of glucose and glutamate. Ferrocene poly(allylamine) (FePAA) was assembled on negatively charged self-assembled monolayer and shown to be electrostatically bound by cyclic voltammetry. Model films were made of FePAA and poly(styrenesulfonate) to determine if multilayer films could be assembled using electrostatic assembly. These experiments demonstrated that 7 bilayers is the maximum number of bilayers oxidizable by the heterogeneous reaction at the electrode surface. ISAMs were then assembled on a 2 mm gold electrode and on a gold fiber microelectrode using FePAA and glucose oxidase. Using cyclic voltammetry, these ISAMs were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD was determined to be lower for the microelectrode than for the 2 mm gold electrode, which was expected, while both compared well to the literature. The Km? were found to be smaller than other glucose biosensors while the Icat increased with increasing number of bilayers. This demonstrated that the GluOx is making good electrical contact with the layer below. These glucose oxidase ISAMs, however, do not exhibit structural stability in flow-injection experiments. As a solution to the ISAM modified electrodes degrading in the flowing system, a covalently modified surface was developed. Using cyclic voltammetry, these covalently modified surfaces were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD of the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode was calculated to be lower than the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode, due to the fast heterogeneous kinetics on the covalently modified electrode surface. The Km? and Icat for the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode were found to be the similar to the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode indicating that the covalently modified electrodes will be a suitable replacement. The covalently modified surfaces exhibit excellent structural stability and detect much lower glucose amounts in flow-injection experiments. ISAMs were subsequently assembled on gold fiber microelectrodes using FePAA and glutamate oxidase. Glutamate was able to be detected in solution at biologically significantly quantities using cyclic voltammetry. The Km? was shown to be comparable to literature values and Icat was shown to increase with increasing number of bilayers. These results demonstrate that an ISAM constructed using FePAA/GlutOx is a feasible way to detect glutamate in a system.","abstract_html":"The main goal of this research was to develop an easy to prepare and sensitive biosensor that would be able to detect glutamate in solution using ionic self-assembly methods. This was accomplished by preparing an ionically-self-assembled monolayer that included an electron transport mediator and an enzyme that would generate a current proportional to the concentration of analytes in solution. Biosensors were produced for the detection of glucose and glutamate. Ferrocene poly(allylamine) (FePAA) was assembled on negatively charged self-assembled monolayer and shown to be electrostatically bound by cyclic voltammetry. Model films were made of FePAA and poly(styrenesulfonate) to determine if multilayer films could be assembled using electrostatic assembly. These experiments demonstrated that 7 bilayers is the maximum number of bilayers oxidizable by the heterogeneous reaction at the electrode surface. ISAMs were then assembled on a 2 mm gold electrode and on a gold fiber microelectrode using FePAA and glucose oxidase. Using cyclic voltammetry, these ISAMs were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD was determined to be lower for the microelectrode than for the 2 mm gold electrode, which was expected, while both compared well to the literature. The Km? were found to be smaller than other glucose biosensors while the Icat increased with increasing number of bilayers. This demonstrated that the GluOx is making good electrical contact with the layer below. These glucose oxidase ISAMs, however, do not exhibit structural stability in flow-injection experiments. As a solution to the ISAM modified electrodes degrading in the flowing system, a covalently modified surface was developed. Using cyclic voltammetry, these covalently modified surfaces were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD of the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode was calculated to be lower than the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode, due to the fast heterogeneous kinetics on the covalently modified electrode surface. The Km? and Icat for the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode were found to be the similar to the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode indicating that the covalently modified electrodes will be a suitable replacement. The covalently modified surfaces exhibit excellent structural stability and detect much lower glucose amounts in flow-injection experiments. ISAMs were subsequently assembled on gold fiber microelectrodes using FePAA and glutamate oxidase. Glutamate was able to be detected in solution at biologically significantly quantities using cyclic voltammetry. The Km? was shown to be comparable to literature values and Icat was shown to increase with increasing number of bilayers. These results demonstrate that an ISAM constructed using FePAA/GlutOx is a feasible way to detect glutamate in a system.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Harper, Alice C."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Ph. D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":"Chemistry","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Anderson, Mark R."],"committee_members":["Tissue, Brian M.","Tanko, James M.","Long, Gary L.","Carlier, Paul R."],"year":2005,"date_issued":"2005-06-20","date_published":"2005-06-20","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:00Z","subjects":["Mediated Electron Transport","Modified Electrodes","Glucose Oxidase","Glutamate Oxidase","Glucose","Glutamate"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-06222005-150344"],"render_values":[{"text":"etd-06222005-150344","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28098","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Anderson, Mark R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Tissue, Brian M.","Tanko, James M.","Long, Gary L.","Carlier, Paul R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Harper, Alice C."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2014-03-14T20:13:27Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2014-03-14T20:13:27Z","2006-07-07"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2005-06-20"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Mediated Electron Transport","Modified Electrodes","Glucose Oxidase","Glutamate Oxidase","Glucose","Glutamate"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["etd-06222005-150344"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28098"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The main goal of this research was to develop an easy to prepare and sensitive biosensor that would be able to detect glutamate in solution using ionic self-assembly methods. This was accomplished by preparing an ionically-self-assembled monolayer that included an electron transport mediator and an enzyme that would generate a current proportional to the concentration of analytes in solution. Biosensors were produced for the detection of glucose and glutamate. Ferrocene poly(allylamine) (FePAA) was assembled on negatively charged self-assembled monolayer and shown to be electrostatically bound by cyclic voltammetry. Model films were made of FePAA and poly(styrenesulfonate) to determine if multilayer films could be assembled using electrostatic assembly. These experiments demonstrated that 7 bilayers is the maximum number of bilayers oxidizable by the heterogeneous reaction at the electrode surface. ISAMs were then assembled on a 2 mm gold electrode and on a gold fiber microelectrode using FePAA and glucose oxidase. Using cyclic voltammetry, these ISAMs were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD was determined to be lower for the microelectrode than for the 2 mm gold electrode, which was expected, while both compared well to the literature. The Km? were found to be smaller than other glucose biosensors while the Icat increased with increasing number of bilayers. This demonstrated that the GluOx is making good electrical contact with the layer below. These glucose oxidase ISAMs, however, do not exhibit structural stability in flow-injection experiments. As a solution to the ISAM modified electrodes degrading in the flowing system, a covalently modified surface was developed. Using cyclic voltammetry, these covalently modified surfaces were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD of the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode was calculated to be lower than the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode, due to the fast heterogeneous kinetics on the covalently modified electrode surface. The Km? and Icat for the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode were found to be the similar to the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode indicating that the covalently modified electrodes will be a suitable replacement. The covalently modified surfaces exhibit excellent structural stability and detect much lower glucose amounts in flow-injection experiments. ISAMs were subsequently assembled on gold fiber microelectrodes using FePAA and glutamate oxidase. Glutamate was able to be detected in solution at biologically significantly quantities using cyclic voltammetry. The Km? was shown to be comparable to literature values and Icat was shown to increase with increasing number of bilayers. These results demonstrate that an ISAM constructed using FePAA/GlutOx is a feasible way to detect glutamate in a system."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Modified Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Glucose and Glutamate Using Mediated Electron Transport"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Anderson, Mark R."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Tissue, Brian M.","Tanko, James M.","Long, Gary L.","Carlier, Paul R."],"dc:contributor.department":["Chemistry"],"dc:creator":["Harper, Alice C."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2014-03-14T20:13:27Z"],"dc:date.available":["2014-03-14T20:13:27Z","2006-07-07"],"dc:date.issued":["2005-06-20"],"dc:description.abstract":["The main goal of this research was to develop an easy to prepare and sensitive biosensor that would be able to detect glutamate in solution using ionic self-assembly methods. This was accomplished by preparing an ionically-self-assembled monolayer that included an electron transport mediator and an enzyme that would generate a current proportional to the concentration of analytes in solution. Biosensors were produced for the detection of glucose and glutamate. Ferrocene poly(allylamine) (FePAA) was assembled on negatively charged self-assembled monolayer and shown to be electrostatically bound by cyclic voltammetry. Model films were made of FePAA and poly(styrenesulfonate) to determine if multilayer films could be assembled using electrostatic assembly. These experiments demonstrated that 7 bilayers is the maximum number of bilayers oxidizable by the heterogeneous reaction at the electrode surface. ISAMs were then assembled on a 2 mm gold electrode and on a gold fiber microelectrode using FePAA and glucose oxidase. Using cyclic voltammetry, these ISAMs were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD was determined to be lower for the microelectrode than for the 2 mm gold electrode, which was expected, while both compared well to the literature. The Km? were found to be smaller than other glucose biosensors while the Icat increased with increasing number of bilayers. This demonstrated that the GluOx is making good electrical contact with the layer below. These glucose oxidase ISAMs, however, do not exhibit structural stability in flow-injection experiments. As a solution to the ISAM modified electrodes degrading in the flowing system, a covalently modified surface was developed. Using cyclic voltammetry, these covalently modified surfaces were shown to be able to oxidize glucose in solution. The LOD of the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode was calculated to be lower than the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode, due to the fast heterogeneous kinetics on the covalently modified electrode surface. The Km? and Icat for the covalently modified 2 mm gold electrode were found to be the similar to the 2 mm ISAM modified gold electrode indicating that the covalently modified electrodes will be a suitable replacement. The covalently modified surfaces exhibit excellent structural stability and detect much lower glucose amounts in flow-injection experiments. ISAMs were subsequently assembled on gold fiber microelectrodes using FePAA and glutamate oxidase. Glutamate was able to be detected in solution at biologically significantly quantities using cyclic voltammetry. The Km? was shown to be comparable to literature values and Icat was shown to increase with increasing number of bilayers. These results demonstrate that an ISAM constructed using FePAA/GlutOx is a feasible way to detect glutamate in a system."],"dc:description.degree":["Ph. D."],"dc:identifier.other":["etd-06222005-150344"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28098"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["Mediated Electron Transport","Modified Electrodes","Glucose Oxidase","Glutamate Oxidase","Glucose","Glutamate"],"dc:title":["Modified Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Glucose and Glutamate Using Mediated Electron Transport"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:00Z"}