Characterization of the Mechanism of Resistance of a Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Biotype to Selected Graminicides in Virginia and Response of Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) to Specific Herbicidal and Cultural Control Strategies

Johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.] and mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) are both rhizomatous perennial weeds that are capable of rapidly colonizing a variety of different environments. Separate experiments were conducted throughout Virginia from 1996 to 1999 to determine more effective methods for reducing infestations of these perennial weeds in the future. Field and greenhouse experiments conducted on a resistant johnsongrass population discovered in New Kent County, Virginia revealed that this biotype exhibits low levels of resistance to the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) herbicides quizalofop-P and fluazifop-P and the cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicide sethoxydim. Additional laboratory experiments revealed that resistance is not due to differential absorption, translocation, or metabolism of the APP and CHD herbicides in the resistant vs. the susceptible biotype. However, acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) assays revealed that resistance to the APP and CHD herbicides is conferred by an overproduction of the ACCase enzyme in the resistant compared to the susceptible johnsongrass biotype. In field experiments conducted on mugwort infestations discovered in several counties throughout Virginia, 100% mugwort control was achieved with standard application rates of picloram at 4 months after treatment (MAT), and also greater than 70% mugwort control was achieved with the higher application rates of clopyralid, glyphosate, and dicamba at 4 MAT. However, all other herbicides evaluated in these experiments provided less than 65% mugwort control at 4 MAT, even at exceptionally high use rates. Additionally, the results from these trials revealed that sequential herbicide applications and sequential mowings prior to herbicide application are both effective mugwort control strategies.

Name thesis:degree_name

Ph. D.

Level thesis:degree_level

doctoral

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

Department dc:contributor.department

Plant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Science

Grantor dc:publisher

Virginia Tech

Year dc:date.issued

2000

Author dc:creator

• Bradley, Kevin Wayne

Chair dc:contributor.committeechair

• Hagood, Edward Scott Jr.

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Foy, Chester L.
• Davis, Paul H.
• Brann, Daniel E.
• Hatzios, Kriton K.

• perennial weeds
• cyclohexanediones
• Aryloxyphenoxypropionate
• enzyme overproduction

Statement dc:rights

• In Copyright

Licence dc:rights.uri

• http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/

Dc Identifier Other

etd-04272000-14310037

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/27343