{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/19303"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/19303","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Evaluating the Time-Dependent Melting Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers Through Strobl's 3-Phase Model","abstract":"The melting behavior of polymers can provide information on their crystallization mechanism. However, the origin of the time-dependent low endotherm, or annealing peak, and the extent of melting-recrystallization-remelting during heating are still debated. The crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of isotactic polystyrene are explored in the context of Stroblâ \"s 3-Phase model using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray diffraction. DSC experiments confirm the existence of a crystallization time-dependent low endotherm, and melting-recrystallization-remelting processes during heating. SAXS analysis using the correlation function confirms that the lamellar thickness increases with crystallization temperature and is independent of time. The spread between equilibrium melting and crystallization temperatures determined in this work (Tfâ\"\" = 533K, Tcâ\"\" = 544K) is much smaller than reported by Strobl et al. (Tfâ\"\" = 562K, Tcâ\"\" = 598K). These differences are partially attributed to overestimation in lamellar thicknesses calculated through the interface distribution function. Analysis of diffraction broadening shows that the apparent crystal size decreases with crystallization time, suggesting the formation of smaller/less perfect crystals during secondary crystallization. These results are consistent with observations that the glass transition temperature increases with crystallization time and supports the idea that secondary crystallization leads to increased amorphous conformational constraints. These results also suggest that the upward shift of the annealing peak during secondary crystallization is associated with increased amorphous constraints rather than increased crystal dimensions. The lack of distinction between Tfâ\"\" and Tcâ\"\" and the evolution of crystal size during crystallization stand in direct contrast with Stroblâ \"s model.","abstract_html":"The melting behavior of polymers can provide information on their crystallization mechanism. However, the origin of the time-dependent low endotherm, or annealing peak, and the extent of melting-recrystallization-remelting during heating are still debated. The crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of isotactic polystyrene are explored in the context of Stroblâ "s 3-Phase model using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray diffraction. DSC experiments confirm the existence of a crystallization time-dependent low endotherm, and melting-recrystallization-remelting processes during heating. SAXS analysis using the correlation function confirms that the lamellar thickness increases with crystallization temperature and is independent of time. The spread between equilibrium melting and crystallization temperatures determined in this work (Tfâ"" = 533K, Tcâ"" = 544K) is much smaller than reported by Strobl et al. (Tfâ"" = 562K, Tcâ"" = 598K). These differences are partially attributed to overestimation in lamellar thicknesses calculated through the interface distribution function. Analysis of diffraction broadening shows that the apparent crystal size decreases with crystallization time, suggesting the formation of smaller/less perfect crystals during secondary crystallization. These results are consistent with observations that the glass transition temperature increases with crystallization time and supports the idea that secondary crystallization leads to increased amorphous conformational constraints. These results also suggest that the upward shift of the annealing peak during secondary crystallization is associated with increased amorphous constraints rather than increased crystal dimensions. The lack of distinction between Tfâ"" and Tcâ"" and the evolution of crystal size during crystallization stand in direct contrast with Stroblâ "s model.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hoang, Jonathan Dan"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Materials Science and Engineering","degree_department":"Materials Science and Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Marand, Hervé"],"committee_members":["Corcoran, Sean G.","Whittington, Abby R."],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-03-28","date_published":"2013-03-28","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:32Z","subjects":["polymer crystallization","melting","Lauritzen-Hoffman secondary nucleation theory","Strobl 3-Phase model","isotactic polystyrene"],"languages":[],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:387"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:387","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19303","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Marand, Hervé"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Corcoran, Sean G.","Whittington, Abby R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Materials Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hoang, Jonathan Dan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2013-03-29T08:00:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2013-03-29T08:00:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2013-03-28"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Materials Science and Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["polymer crystallization","melting","Lauritzen-Hoffman secondary nucleation theory","Strobl 3-Phase model","isotactic polystyrene"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:387"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19303"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The melting behavior of polymers can provide information on their crystallization mechanism. However, the origin of the time-dependent low endotherm, or annealing peak, and the extent of melting-recrystallization-remelting during heating are still debated. The crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of isotactic polystyrene are explored in the context of Stroblâ \"s 3-Phase model using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray diffraction. DSC experiments confirm the existence of a crystallization time-dependent low endotherm, and melting-recrystallization-remelting processes during heating. SAXS analysis using the correlation function confirms that the lamellar thickness increases with crystallization temperature and is independent of time. The spread between equilibrium melting and crystallization temperatures determined in this work (Tfâ\"\" = 533K, Tcâ\"\" = 544K) is much smaller than reported by Strobl et al. (Tfâ\"\" = 562K, Tcâ\"\" = 598K). These differences are partially attributed to overestimation in lamellar thicknesses calculated through the interface distribution function. Analysis of diffraction broadening shows that the apparent crystal size decreases with crystallization time, suggesting the formation of smaller/less perfect crystals during secondary crystallization. These results are consistent with observations that the glass transition temperature increases with crystallization time and supports the idea that secondary crystallization leads to increased amorphous conformational constraints. These results also suggest that the upward shift of the annealing peak during secondary crystallization is associated with increased amorphous constraints rather than increased crystal dimensions. The lack of distinction between Tfâ\"\" and Tcâ\"\" and the evolution of crystal size during crystallization stand in direct contrast with Stroblâ \"s model."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluating the Time-Dependent Melting Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers Through Strobl's 3-Phase Model"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Marand, Hervé"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Corcoran, Sean G.","Whittington, Abby R."],"dc:contributor.department":["Materials Science and Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Hoang, Jonathan Dan"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2013-03-29T08:00:14Z"],"dc:date.available":["2013-03-29T08:00:14Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2013-03-28"],"dc:description.abstract":["The melting behavior of polymers can provide information on their crystallization mechanism. However, the origin of the time-dependent low endotherm, or annealing peak, and the extent of melting-recrystallization-remelting during heating are still debated. The crystallization and subsequent melting behavior of isotactic polystyrene are explored in the context of Stroblâ \"s 3-Phase model using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and wide angle X-ray diffraction. DSC experiments confirm the existence of a crystallization time-dependent low endotherm, and melting-recrystallization-remelting processes during heating. SAXS analysis using the correlation function confirms that the lamellar thickness increases with crystallization temperature and is independent of time. The spread between equilibrium melting and crystallization temperatures determined in this work (Tfâ\"\" = 533K, Tcâ\"\" = 544K) is much smaller than reported by Strobl et al. (Tfâ\"\" = 562K, Tcâ\"\" = 598K). These differences are partially attributed to overestimation in lamellar thicknesses calculated through the interface distribution function. Analysis of diffraction broadening shows that the apparent crystal size decreases with crystallization time, suggesting the formation of smaller/less perfect crystals during secondary crystallization. These results are consistent with observations that the glass transition temperature increases with crystallization time and supports the idea that secondary crystallization leads to increased amorphous conformational constraints. These results also suggest that the upward shift of the annealing peak during secondary crystallization is associated with increased amorphous constraints rather than increased crystal dimensions. The lack of distinction between Tfâ\"\" and Tcâ\"\" and the evolution of crystal size during crystallization stand in direct contrast with Stroblâ \"s model."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:387"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19303"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["polymer crystallization","melting","Lauritzen-Hoffman secondary nucleation theory","Strobl 3-Phase model","isotactic polystyrene"],"dc:title":["Evaluating the Time-Dependent Melting Behavior of Semicrystalline Polymers Through Strobl's 3-Phase Model"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Materials Science and Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:32Z"}