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Virginia Tech

Phase-field simulation of freezing water droplet

Abstract

dc:description.abstract

When a water droplet freezes on a cold plate, a pointy tip forms as the result of volume expansion. In this dissertation, we will introduce a quasi-compressible phase-field model that deals with this non-isothermal three-phase system involving water, ice, and air. The water-ice phase transition and the water-air fluid interface are handled by the Allen-Cahn and the Cahn-Hilliard equations, respectively. The governing equations, including the two phase-field equations, the Navier-Stokes equations, and the energy equation, are designed such that the non-negative entropy production is guaranteed. These equations are then solved by finite-element methods using the open-source deal.ii library. Our model reproduces the Gibbs-Thomson and Clausius-Clapeyron equations, which establish the dependence of the melting temperature on interface curvature and pressure, respectively. Furthermore, the built-in quasi-compressibility accurately accounts for the volume change due to the water-ice density contrast during the phase transition. With proper parameters, our simulation captures the pointy tip of the frozen droplet with good agreement with the experiment.

Degree

thesis:*
Name thesis:degree_name
Doctor of Philosophy
Level thesis:degree_level
doctoral
Discipline thesis:degree_discipline
Mathematics
Department dc:contributor.department
Mathematics
Grantor dc:publisher
Virginia Tech
Year dc:date.issued
2026

Author and committee

dc:creator, dc:contributor.*
Author dc:creator
  • Li, Yichen
Chair dc:contributor.committeechair
  • Yue, Pengtao
Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember
  • Liu, Honghu
  • Iliescu, Traian
  • Borggaard, Jeffrey T.

Subjects

dc:subject × 5

Rights

dc:rights
Statement dc:rights
  • In Copyright
Language dc:language.iso
en

Identifiers

dc:identifier.*
Dc Identifier Other
vt_gsexam:45552
OAI identifier oai:identifier
oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/140809

Chain of custody

source
Harvested from
Virginia Tech
Base URL
vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request
Last updated
2026-07-22
Source record
OAI-PMH GetRecord
citation

Li, Yichen. Phase-field simulation of freezing water droplet. doctoral thesis, Virginia Tech, 2026. https://hdl.handle.net/10919/140809