{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/129267"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/129267","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon","abstract":"Activated carbon is rapidly becoming important as a treatment agent for both industrial and domestic wastes. The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon was investigated. The treatability of the waste was assessed in the laboratory by several methods used routinely for evaluating activated carbon efficiency. Both short and long term batch tests as well as bench-scale packed-bed granular activated carbon column experiments were performed. Test parameters included the removal of nitroaromatic compounds and color. Results show that treatment of the TNT manufacturing waste from Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia, with activated carbon is technically feasible. Essentially complete removal of color and nitroaromatic substances can be affected with packed-bed carbon column treatment. The optimum use of the carbon is made with the waste in an acid pH range and with TNT and color concentrations as high as possible. Carbon capacities for a given waste sample were found to be .246 grams of TNT and 1.05 grams of standard color per gram of granular carbon for packed-bed operation. The Silas-Mason test, used for measurement of TNT concentration, measures all nitroaromatic substances in the waste; breakthrough of nitroaromatics other than TNT occurs first in column operation.","abstract_html":"Activated carbon is rapidly becoming important as a treatment agent for both industrial and domestic wastes. The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon was investigated. The treatability of the waste was assessed in the laboratory by several methods used routinely for evaluating activated carbon efficiency. Both short and long term batch tests as well as bench-scale packed-bed granular activated carbon column experiments were performed. Test parameters included the removal of nitroaromatic compounds and color. Results show that treatment of the TNT manufacturing waste from Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia, with activated carbon is technically feasible. Essentially complete removal of color and nitroaromatic substances can be affected with packed-bed carbon column treatment. The optimum use of the carbon is made with the waste in an acid pH range and with TNT and color concentrations as high as possible. Carbon capacities for a given waste sample were found to be .246 grams of TNT and 1.05 grams of standard color per gram of granular carbon for packed-bed operation. The Silas-Mason test, used for measurement of TNT concentration, measures all nitroaromatic substances in the waste; breakthrough of nitroaromatics other than TNT occurs first in column operation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Schulte, George R."],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Sanitary Engineering","degree_department":"Sanitary Engineering","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Hoehn, Robert C."],"committee_members":["Randall, Clifford W.","King, Paul H."],"year":1972,"date_issued":"1972-08","date_published":"1972-08","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:17Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/129267","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Hoehn, Robert C."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Randall, Clifford W.","King, Paul H."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Sanitary Engineering"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Schulte, George R."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-05-02T12:10:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-05-02T12:10:39Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1972-08"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Sanitary Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10919/129267"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Activated carbon is rapidly becoming important as a treatment agent for both industrial and domestic wastes. The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon was investigated. The treatability of the waste was assessed in the laboratory by several methods used routinely for evaluating activated carbon efficiency. Both short and long term batch tests as well as bench-scale packed-bed granular activated carbon column experiments were performed. Test parameters included the removal of nitroaromatic compounds and color. Results show that treatment of the TNT manufacturing waste from Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia, with activated carbon is technically feasible. Essentially complete removal of color and nitroaromatic substances can be affected with packed-bed carbon column treatment. The optimum use of the carbon is made with the waste in an acid pH range and with TNT and color concentrations as high as possible. Carbon capacities for a given waste sample were found to be .246 grams of TNT and 1.05 grams of standard color per gram of granular carbon for packed-bed operation. The Silas-Mason test, used for measurement of TNT concentration, measures all nitroaromatic substances in the waste; breakthrough of nitroaromatics other than TNT occurs first in column operation."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Hoehn, Robert C."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Randall, Clifford W.","King, Paul H."],"dc:contributor.department":["Sanitary Engineering"],"dc:creator":["Schulte, George R."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-05-02T12:10:39Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-05-02T12:10:39Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1972-08"],"dc:description.abstract":["Activated carbon is rapidly becoming important as a treatment agent for both industrial and domestic wastes. The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon was investigated. The treatability of the waste was assessed in the laboratory by several methods used routinely for evaluating activated carbon efficiency. Both short and long term batch tests as well as bench-scale packed-bed granular activated carbon column experiments were performed. Test parameters included the removal of nitroaromatic compounds and color. Results show that treatment of the TNT manufacturing waste from Radford Army Ammunition Plant, Radford, Virginia, with activated carbon is technically feasible. Essentially complete removal of color and nitroaromatic substances can be affected with packed-bed carbon column treatment. The optimum use of the carbon is made with the waste in an acid pH range and with TNT and color concentrations as high as possible. Carbon capacities for a given waste sample were found to be .246 grams of TNT and 1.05 grams of standard color per gram of granular carbon for packed-bed operation. The Silas-Mason test, used for measurement of TNT concentration, measures all nitroaromatic substances in the waste; breakthrough of nitroaromatics other than TNT occurs first in column operation."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10919/129267"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["The treatability of a munitions-manufacturing waste with activated carbon"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Sanitary Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:20:17Z"}