{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/121593"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/121593","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Intracellular distribution of nitrogen during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa","abstract":"A continuous dilution method for the mass culture of microorganisms was developed which yielded 3x as much cellular material as previous culturing methods for <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> in the same time period and in less than one-tenth the culture volume. Cellular growth parameters increased exponentially throughout the cell cycle of <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> when the new mass culturing technique was utilized. The levels of nitrogen in different cellular fractions were estimated during the cell cycle (i.e. lipid-plus chlorophyll-N; TCA soluble-N; individual free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acid residues; nucleotide-N; DNA-N; RNA-N). The amino acid distribution within the cellular protein remained nearly constant during cellular development. Protein-N accounted for approximately 60% of the total cellular-N throughout the cell cycle. The free amino acids exhibited a variety of trends in change of level during the cell cycle. Free-alanine, -lysine, -serine, -glycine, -arginine, and -glutamate were present at relatively high levels. Increase in level of peptide-N during early cellular development resulted largely from increase in levels of peptide-arginine, -glutamate, and -lysine. The other peptide amino acids exhibited a variety of different trends. RNA-N demonstrated exponential accumulation throughout cellular development with a reduced rate of accumulation during cellular division. DNA-N increased during most of the cell cycle at a lower exponential rate; however, the rate of DNA-N accumulation increased abruptly at the onset of nuclear division. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be the predominant acid-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compound throughout the cell cycle. Its trend (as % of total cellular-N) was similar to that of TCA-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compounds in synchronized sea urchin eggs. GSH exhibited properties similar to certain compounds tentatively identified as sulfur-containing nucleotide-peptides by previous workers. Norit-A adsorption studies indicated that nucleotide-peptides were not present in the TCA extracts of <i>C, pyrenoidosa.</i> During the period 0.4-0.9 fraction of the cell cycle GSH was synthesized at the expense of cellular protein. A hypothetical scheme was presented to account for both the origin of GSH prior to nuclear division and the proposed regulation of mitotic apparatus formation through acid-soluble sulfhydryl compounds.","abstract_html":"A continuous dilution method for the mass culture of microorganisms was developed which yielded 3x as much cellular material as previous culturing methods for &lt;i&gt;C. pyrenoidosa&lt;/i&gt; in the same time period and in less than one-tenth the culture volume. Cellular growth parameters increased exponentially throughout the cell cycle of &lt;i&gt;C. pyrenoidosa&lt;/i&gt; when the new mass culturing technique was utilized. The levels of nitrogen in different cellular fractions were estimated during the cell cycle (i.e. lipid-plus chlorophyll-N; TCA soluble-N; individual free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acid residues; nucleotide-N; DNA-N; RNA-N). The amino acid distribution within the cellular protein remained nearly constant during cellular development. Protein-N accounted for approximately 60% of the total cellular-N throughout the cell cycle. The free amino acids exhibited a variety of trends in change of level during the cell cycle. Free-alanine, -lysine, -serine, -glycine, -arginine, and -glutamate were present at relatively high levels. Increase in level of peptide-N during early cellular development resulted largely from increase in levels of peptide-arginine, -glutamate, and -lysine. The other peptide amino acids exhibited a variety of different trends. RNA-N demonstrated exponential accumulation throughout cellular development with a reduced rate of accumulation during cellular division. DNA-N increased during most of the cell cycle at a lower exponential rate; however, the rate of DNA-N accumulation increased abruptly at the onset of nuclear division. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be the predominant acid-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compound throughout the cell cycle. Its trend (as % of total cellular-N) was similar to that of TCA-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compounds in synchronized sea urchin eggs. GSH exhibited properties similar to certain compounds tentatively identified as sulfur-containing nucleotide-peptides by previous workers. Norit-A adsorption studies indicated that nucleotide-peptides were not present in the TCA extracts of &lt;i&gt;C, pyrenoidosa.&lt;/i&gt; During the period 0.4-0.9 fraction of the cell cycle GSH was synthesized at the expense of cellular protein. A hypothetical scheme was presented to account for both the origin of GSH prior to nuclear division and the proposed regulation of mitotic apparatus formation through acid-soluble sulfhydryl compounds.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hare, Theodore Arthur"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute","degree_name":"Ph. D.","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":"Biochemistry and Nutrition","degree_department":"Biochemistry and Nutrition","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1967,"date_issued":"1967","date_published":"1967","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:55Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/121593","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Biochemistry and Nutrition"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hare, Theodore Arthur"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-11-12T20:07:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-11-12T20:07:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1967"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Biochemistry and Nutrition"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Ph. 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Cellular growth parameters increased exponentially throughout the cell cycle of <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> when the new mass culturing technique was utilized. The levels of nitrogen in different cellular fractions were estimated during the cell cycle (i.e. lipid-plus chlorophyll-N; TCA soluble-N; individual free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acid residues; nucleotide-N; DNA-N; RNA-N). The amino acid distribution within the cellular protein remained nearly constant during cellular development. Protein-N accounted for approximately 60% of the total cellular-N throughout the cell cycle. The free amino acids exhibited a variety of trends in change of level during the cell cycle. Free-alanine, -lysine, -serine, -glycine, -arginine, and -glutamate were present at relatively high levels. Increase in level of peptide-N during early cellular development resulted largely from increase in levels of peptide-arginine, -glutamate, and -lysine. The other peptide amino acids exhibited a variety of different trends. RNA-N demonstrated exponential accumulation throughout cellular development with a reduced rate of accumulation during cellular division. DNA-N increased during most of the cell cycle at a lower exponential rate; however, the rate of DNA-N accumulation increased abruptly at the onset of nuclear division. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be the predominant acid-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compound throughout the cell cycle. Its trend (as % of total cellular-N) was similar to that of TCA-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compounds in synchronized sea urchin eggs. GSH exhibited properties similar to certain compounds tentatively identified as sulfur-containing nucleotide-peptides by previous workers. Norit-A adsorption studies indicated that nucleotide-peptides were not present in the TCA extracts of <i>C, pyrenoidosa.</i> During the period 0.4-0.9 fraction of the cell cycle GSH was synthesized at the expense of cellular protein. A hypothetical scheme was presented to account for both the origin of GSH prior to nuclear division and the proposed regulation of mitotic apparatus formation through acid-soluble sulfhydryl compounds."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Ph. D."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Intracellular distribution of nitrogen during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Biochemistry and Nutrition"],"dc:creator":["Hare, Theodore Arthur"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-11-12T20:07:17Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-11-12T20:07:17Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1967"],"dc:description.abstract":["A continuous dilution method for the mass culture of microorganisms was developed which yielded 3x as much cellular material as previous culturing methods for <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> in the same time period and in less than one-tenth the culture volume. Cellular growth parameters increased exponentially throughout the cell cycle of <i>C. pyrenoidosa</i> when the new mass culturing technique was utilized. The levels of nitrogen in different cellular fractions were estimated during the cell cycle (i.e. lipid-plus chlorophyll-N; TCA soluble-N; individual free-, peptide-, and protein-amino acid residues; nucleotide-N; DNA-N; RNA-N). The amino acid distribution within the cellular protein remained nearly constant during cellular development. Protein-N accounted for approximately 60% of the total cellular-N throughout the cell cycle. The free amino acids exhibited a variety of trends in change of level during the cell cycle. Free-alanine, -lysine, -serine, -glycine, -arginine, and -glutamate were present at relatively high levels. Increase in level of peptide-N during early cellular development resulted largely from increase in levels of peptide-arginine, -glutamate, and -lysine. The other peptide amino acids exhibited a variety of different trends. RNA-N demonstrated exponential accumulation throughout cellular development with a reduced rate of accumulation during cellular division. DNA-N increased during most of the cell cycle at a lower exponential rate; however, the rate of DNA-N accumulation increased abruptly at the onset of nuclear division. Reduced glutathione (GSH) was found to be the predominant acid-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compound throughout the cell cycle. Its trend (as % of total cellular-N) was similar to that of TCA-soluble sulfhydryl-containing compounds in synchronized sea urchin eggs. GSH exhibited properties similar to certain compounds tentatively identified as sulfur-containing nucleotide-peptides by previous workers. Norit-A adsorption studies indicated that nucleotide-peptides were not present in the TCA extracts of <i>C, pyrenoidosa.</i> During the period 0.4-0.9 fraction of the cell cycle GSH was synthesized at the expense of cellular protein. A hypothetical scheme was presented to account for both the origin of GSH prior to nuclear division and the proposed regulation of mitotic apparatus formation through acid-soluble sulfhydryl compounds."],"dc:description.degree":["Ph. D."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10919/121593"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Intracellular distribution of nitrogen during synchronous growth of Chlorella pyrenoidosa"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Biochemistry and Nutrition"],"thesis:degree_level":["doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph. D."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:18:55Z"}