{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/118342"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/118342","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Reduction of fear of the dark in young children","abstract":"A single subject, multiple baseline design was used to examine the efficacy of a treatment package consisting of relaxation, reinforcement, and cognitive self-instruction on the reduction of severe nighttime fears in six children. Children with persistent fears of the dark, which resulted in disruption of their families' nighttime routine, and their parents participated in a five-week program consisting of three training sessions and nightly home exercise. A multimodal assessment was conducted through use of self-report, parental report, and behavioral measures. Results show amelioration of the disruptive bedtime behavior of five of the six children. However, results of the multiple baseline analysis indicate changes in the children's behavior were not directly related to treatment. For children with extended baselines, improvement preceded the implementation of treatment. The implications for these findings on fear of the dark and general fears in children are discussed.","abstract_html":"A single subject, multiple baseline design was used to examine the efficacy of a treatment package consisting of relaxation, reinforcement, and cognitive self-instruction on the reduction of severe nighttime fears in six children. Children with persistent fears of the dark, which resulted in disruption of their families' nighttime routine, and their parents participated in a five-week program consisting of three training sessions and nightly home exercise. A multimodal assessment was conducted through use of self-report, parental report, and behavioral measures. Results show amelioration of the disruptive bedtime behavior of five of the six children. However, results of the multiple baseline analysis indicate changes in the children's behavior were not directly related to treatment. For children with extended baselines, improvement preceded the implementation of treatment. The implications for these findings on fear of the dark and general fears in children are discussed.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Friedman, Alice G. (Alice Gay)"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":"Psychology","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1983,"date_issued":"1983","date_published":"1983","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:49Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118342","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Friedman, Alice G. (Alice Gay)"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-03-12T20:23:21Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-03-12T20:23:21Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1983"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118342"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["A single subject, multiple baseline design was used to examine the efficacy of a treatment package consisting of relaxation, reinforcement, and cognitive self-instruction on the reduction of severe nighttime fears in six children. Children with persistent fears of the dark, which resulted in disruption of their families' nighttime routine, and their parents participated in a five-week program consisting of three training sessions and nightly home exercise. A multimodal assessment was conducted through use of self-report, parental report, and behavioral measures. Results show amelioration of the disruptive bedtime behavior of five of the six children. However, results of the multiple baseline analysis indicate changes in the children's behavior were not directly related to treatment. For children with extended baselines, improvement preceded the implementation of treatment. The implications for these findings on fear of the dark and general fears in children are discussed."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Reduction of fear of the dark in young children"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Psychology"],"dc:creator":["Friedman, Alice G. (Alice Gay)"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-03-12T20:23:21Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-03-12T20:23:21Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1983"],"dc:description.abstract":["A single subject, multiple baseline design was used to examine the efficacy of a treatment package consisting of relaxation, reinforcement, and cognitive self-instruction on the reduction of severe nighttime fears in six children. Children with persistent fears of the dark, which resulted in disruption of their families' nighttime routine, and their parents participated in a five-week program consisting of three training sessions and nightly home exercise. A multimodal assessment was conducted through use of self-report, parental report, and behavioral measures. Results show amelioration of the disruptive bedtime behavior of five of the six children. However, results of the multiple baseline analysis indicate changes in the children's behavior were not directly related to treatment. For children with extended baselines, improvement preceded the implementation of treatment. The implications for these findings on fear of the dark and general fears in children are discussed."],"dc:description.degree":["M.S."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/10919/118342"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Reduction of fear of the dark in young children"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:49Z"}