{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/114736"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/114736","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Predicting the Joint Stiffness of Wooden Pallets Assembled with Lag Screws and Carriage Bolts","abstract":"Pallets are used all over the world in the field of distribution. The strength values associated with a pallet have been thoroughly investigated by many different researchers; however, the stiffness values associated with pallet joints have not. The goal of this work was to investigate the stiffnesses associated with pallets joints made with lag screws and carriage bolts. It is important to understand that different materials, fastening methods, and design considerations can have a huge impact on the stiffness of the joint. This paper will discuss the various tests that were used to measure the actual stiffness of pallet joints and the results of those tests. Afterwards, the researchers detail their attempt to predict the stiffness using an equation created from the actual test data. Finally, by understanding the effects of these various factors, better pallet designs can be created that are both safer and stronger using the investigated alternative fasteners.","abstract_html":"Pallets are used all over the world in the field of distribution. The strength values associated with a pallet have been thoroughly investigated by many different researchers; however, the stiffness values associated with pallet joints have not. The goal of this work was to investigate the stiffnesses associated with pallets joints made with lag screws and carriage bolts. It is important to understand that different materials, fastening methods, and design considerations can have a huge impact on the stiffness of the joint. This paper will discuss the various tests that were used to measure the actual stiffness of pallet joints and the results of those tests. Afterwards, the researchers detail their attempt to predict the stiffness using an equation created from the actual test data. Finally, by understanding the effects of these various factors, better pallet designs can be created that are both safer and stronger using the investigated alternative fasteners.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Keller, Joseph David"],"institution":"Virginia Tech","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Forest Products","degree_department":"Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":["Horvath, Laszlo"],"committee_members":["Bouldin, John Conrad","Molina Montoya, Eduardo","Loferski, Joseph R."],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-04-20","date_published":"2023-04-20","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:15Z","subjects":["joint stiffness","wood pallet","fasteners","lag screw","carriage bolt","load capacity"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:36599"],"render_values":[{"text":"vt_gsexam:36599","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114736","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.committeechair","label":"Committee Chair","values":["Horvath, Laszlo"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Bouldin, John Conrad","Molina Montoya, Eduardo","Loferski, Joseph R."]},{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Keller, Joseph David"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2023-04-21T08:00:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-04-21T08:00:14Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2023-04-20"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Tech"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Forest Products"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["joint stiffness","wood pallet","fasteners","lag screw","carriage bolt","load capacity"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["vt_gsexam:36599"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114736"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstractgeneral","label":"General Abstract","values":["Pallets are used all over the world in the field of distribution. The strength values associated with a pallet have been thoroughly investigated by many different researchers; however, the stiffness values associated with pallet joints have not. The goal of this work was to investigate the stiffnesses associated with pallets joints made with lag screws and carriage bolts. It is important to understand that different materials, fastening methods, and design considerations can have a huge impact on the stiffness of the joint. This paper will discuss the various tests that were used to measure the actual stiffness of pallet joints and the results of those tests. Afterwards, the researchers detail their attempt to predict the stiffness using an equation created from the actual test data. Finally, by understanding the effects of these various factors, better pallet designs can be created that are both safer and stronger using the investigated alternative fasteners."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["ETD"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Predicting the Joint Stiffness of Wooden Pallets Assembled with Lag Screws and Carriage Bolts"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.committeechair":["Horvath, Laszlo"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Bouldin, John Conrad","Molina Montoya, Eduardo","Loferski, Joseph R."],"dc:contributor.department":["Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation"],"dc:creator":["Keller, Joseph David"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2023-04-21T08:00:14Z"],"dc:date.available":["2023-04-21T08:00:14Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2023-04-20"],"dc:description.abstractgeneral":["Pallets are used all over the world in the field of distribution. The strength values associated with a pallet have been thoroughly investigated by many different researchers; however, the stiffness values associated with pallet joints have not. The goal of this work was to investigate the stiffnesses associated with pallets joints made with lag screws and carriage bolts. It is important to understand that different materials, fastening methods, and design considerations can have a huge impact on the stiffness of the joint. This paper will discuss the various tests that were used to measure the actual stiffness of pallet joints and the results of those tests. Afterwards, the researchers detail their attempt to predict the stiffness using an equation created from the actual test data. Finally, by understanding the effects of these various factors, better pallet designs can be created that are both safer and stronger using the investigated alternative fasteners."],"dc:description.degree":["Master of Science"],"dc:format.medium":["ETD"],"dc:identifier.other":["vt_gsexam:36599"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/114736"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Tech"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:subject":["joint stiffness","wood pallet","fasteners","lag screw","carriage bolt","load capacity"],"dc:title":["Predicting the Joint Stiffness of Wooden Pallets Assembled with Lag Screws and Carriage Bolts"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Forest Products"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:15Z"}