{"id":{"repo_id":"vt","oai_identifier":"oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/113496"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/vt/oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/113496","repository":{"repo_id":"vt","name":"Virginia Tech","base_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)polystyrene graft copolymers","abstract":"Poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were synthesized by a “grafting onto\" reaction which involved a reaction between two preformed, reactive polymer chains. In this case, poly(dichlorophosphazene) was the reactive polymer backbone onto which approximately 10 weight percent polystyrene chains were grafted. In order to avoid chain degradation of the poly(dichlorophosphazene), the polystyryl lithium chains were modified by the addition of ethylene oxide. This reaction introduced -CH₂CH₂O⁻Li⁺ groups on the chain ends and rendered them a more suitable nucleophile. Remaining chlorine sites along the poly(dichlorophosphazene) backbone were substituted with 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy groups. The grafting reaction proceeded with and without the catalyst, tetrabutylammonium bromide. This reagent acted as an ion separation catalyst and seemed to increase the reactivity and ionic character of the O⁻Li⁺ bond. This was evident with respect to reaction times. The catalyst decreased reaction times from several days for the uncatalyzed reaction to ~30 hours for the catalyzed reaction. Difficulties in characterization of the poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were encountered. DSC analysis of both the graft copolymer and homopolymer physical blends seemed to indicate partial compatibility between the polystyrene and poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)] components. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed the presence of polystyrene in the graft copolymer system; however, these results were difficult to verify due to the possibility of polystyrene homopolymer contamination. Calculation of the number of polystyrene chains grafted onto the polyphosphazene backbone were hampered by resultant insolubility of the graft copolymer system.","abstract_html":"Poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were synthesized by a “grafting onto" reaction which involved a reaction between two preformed, reactive polymer chains. In this case, poly(dichlorophosphazene) was the reactive polymer backbone onto which approximately 10 weight percent polystyrene chains were grafted. In order to avoid chain degradation of the poly(dichlorophosphazene), the polystyryl lithium chains were modified by the addition of ethylene oxide. This reaction introduced -CH₂CH₂O⁻Li⁺ groups on the chain ends and rendered them a more suitable nucleophile. Remaining chlorine sites along the poly(dichlorophosphazene) backbone were substituted with 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy groups. The grafting reaction proceeded with and without the catalyst, tetrabutylammonium bromide. This reagent acted as an ion separation catalyst and seemed to increase the reactivity and ionic character of the O⁻Li⁺ bond. This was evident with respect to reaction times. The catalyst decreased reaction times from several days for the uncatalyzed reaction to ~30 hours for the catalyzed reaction. Difficulties in characterization of the poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were encountered. DSC analysis of both the graft copolymer and homopolymer physical blends seemed to indicate partial compatibility between the polystyrene and poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)] components. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed the presence of polystyrene in the graft copolymer system; however, these results were difficult to verify due to the possibility of polystyrene homopolymer contamination. Calculation of the number of polystyrene chains grafted onto the polyphosphazene backbone were hampered by resultant insolubility of the graft copolymer system.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hernandez, Pamela Bires"],"institution":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":"Chemistry","school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1983,"date_issued":"1983","date_published":"1983","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:53Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["In Copyright"],"rights_urls":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113496","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.department","label":"Department","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hernandez, Pamela Bires"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2023-01-27T04:47:48Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-01-27T04:47:48Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1983"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.dcmitype","label":"Dc Type Dcmitype","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["masters"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["In Copyright"]},{"key":"dc:rights.uri","label":"Rights URI","values":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113496"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were synthesized by a “grafting onto\" reaction which involved a reaction between two preformed, reactive polymer chains. In this case, poly(dichlorophosphazene) was the reactive polymer backbone onto which approximately 10 weight percent polystyrene chains were grafted. In order to avoid chain degradation of the poly(dichlorophosphazene), the polystyryl lithium chains were modified by the addition of ethylene oxide. This reaction introduced -CH₂CH₂O⁻Li⁺ groups on the chain ends and rendered them a more suitable nucleophile. Remaining chlorine sites along the poly(dichlorophosphazene) backbone were substituted with 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy groups. The grafting reaction proceeded with and without the catalyst, tetrabutylammonium bromide. This reagent acted as an ion separation catalyst and seemed to increase the reactivity and ionic character of the O⁻Li⁺ bond. This was evident with respect to reaction times. The catalyst decreased reaction times from several days for the uncatalyzed reaction to ~30 hours for the catalyzed reaction. Difficulties in characterization of the poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were encountered. DSC analysis of both the graft copolymer and homopolymer physical blends seemed to indicate partial compatibility between the polystyrene and poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)] components. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed the presence of polystyrene in the graft copolymer system; however, these results were difficult to verify due to the possibility of polystyrene homopolymer contamination. Calculation of the number of polystyrene chains grafted onto the polyphosphazene backbone were hampered by resultant insolubility of the graft copolymer system."]},{"key":"dc:description.degree","label":"Dc Description Degree","values":["M.S."]},{"key":"dc:format.mimetype","label":"Dc Format Mimetype","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)polystyrene graft copolymers"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.department":["Chemistry"],"dc:creator":["Hernandez, Pamela Bires"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2023-01-27T04:47:48Z"],"dc:date.available":["2023-01-27T04:47:48Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1983"],"dc:description.abstract":["Poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were synthesized by a “grafting onto\" reaction which involved a reaction between two preformed, reactive polymer chains. In this case, poly(dichlorophosphazene) was the reactive polymer backbone onto which approximately 10 weight percent polystyrene chains were grafted. In order to avoid chain degradation of the poly(dichlorophosphazene), the polystyryl lithium chains were modified by the addition of ethylene oxide. This reaction introduced -CH₂CH₂O⁻Li⁺ groups on the chain ends and rendered them a more suitable nucleophile. Remaining chlorine sites along the poly(dichlorophosphazene) backbone were substituted with 2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy groups. The grafting reaction proceeded with and without the catalyst, tetrabutylammonium bromide. This reagent acted as an ion separation catalyst and seemed to increase the reactivity and ionic character of the O⁻Li⁺ bond. This was evident with respect to reaction times. The catalyst decreased reaction times from several days for the uncatalyzed reaction to ~30 hours for the catalyzed reaction. Difficulties in characterization of the poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)]-polystyrene graft copolymers were encountered. DSC analysis of both the graft copolymer and homopolymer physical blends seemed to indicate partial compatibility between the polystyrene and poly[bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)] components. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy revealed the presence of polystyrene in the graft copolymer system; however, these results were difficult to verify due to the possibility of polystyrene homopolymer contamination. Calculation of the number of polystyrene chains grafted onto the polyphosphazene backbone were hampered by resultant insolubility of the graft copolymer system."],"dc:description.degree":["M.S."],"dc:format.mimetype":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/10919/113496"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"dc:rights":["In Copyright"],"dc:rights.uri":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dc:title":["Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxyphosphazene)polystyrene graft copolymers"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.dcmitype":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."],"thesis:institution_name":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:19:53Z"}